Most bladder stones require surgery, and some comorbidities can be treated medically.
Pharmacological treatment of bladder stones needs to be combined with the cause and complications of bladder stones. If the stone is produced by the kidney, sodium potassium hydrogen citrate can be used; sodium bicarbonate can be taken for gout stones; bladder stones caused by prostate enlargement can be treated medically with finasteride and tamsulosin to control prostate enlargement. When urinary tract infections occur, quinolones and cephalosporin II antibiotics are often used.
Surgical treatment: Transurethral endoscopic lithotripsy is currently the most common and effective method of treating bladder stones. If transurethral lithotripsy is not available, suprapubic cystotomy can be performed to remove the stone.
Removal of obstruction in the lower urinary tract: for example, bladder outlet obstruction caused by prostatic hyperplasia needs to be treated by medication or surgery for prostatic hyperplasia; urinary tract stenosis and neurogenic bladder dysfunction causes urinary dysfunction or urethral obstruction needs to be treated surgically.
Drink more water: the more you urinate, the less likely you are to form stones.
In summary, the principles of treatment for bladder stones are first to remove the stone and second to correct the cause of stone formation.