The prevalence of myopia in China has been increasing year by year in recent years, and a survey of primary and secondary school students in Shanghai showed that the prevalence of myopia increased by 5% in 2010 compared to 2005, and there is a trend of younger age, with the prevalence of myopia among students aged 7 to 9 years old exceeding 30%, making myopia a social problem of general concern. There are many myopia prevention and treatment methods on the market, some of which are more effective than others, but some of them are misleading because they have no scientific basis or clinical evidence-based medical support. The current common methods of myopia prevention and treatment are now analyzed. 1, frame glasses The most common method for correcting myopia, wearing glasses can see objects clearly, but there is no treatment of myopia. Although frame glasses can not cure myopia, but for the naked eye vision is poor, class can not see the blackboard or projection of the child should wear glasses, because not wear glasses when the blurred image will contribute to myopia deepening. If your child’s myopia is not deep, below -2D, you can do homework and other close eye use without glasses, but if you squint a lot due to poor vision, you need glasses because squinting may contribute to myopia progression. If the degree is deeper then glasses need to be worn often. The RGP is a high oxygen-permeable contact lens made of hard material, which has the advantages of good optical performance, good visual effect and good correction of corneal astigmatism. Clinical studies have found that in addition to correcting myopia with soft contact lenses, it also has the effect of stopping or slowing down the progression of myopia. It is believed that the mechanism of controlling myopia progression may be achieved by obtaining clear retinal imaging and reducing peripheral aberration. There is no absolute requirement for the age of RGP wearers, as long as they are cooperative, but young children need to wear it with parental assistance. RGP is not suitable for children with the following conditions: eye inflammation such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, eyelid abnormalities, inability to operate independently and parental assistance, poor personal hygiene habits, and a dusty study or living environment; RGP is worn during the day and removed at bedtime. In order to wear RGP safely and comfortably, you should observe the correct usage method and make sure to perform the necessary cleaning care after removing the lenses. Cleaning should be done with special care solution, not with tap water, hot water or cleaning solution. Do not soak the lenses in saline to prevent the salt from penetrating into the capillaries of the lenses and reducing their permeability. Avoid rubbing the eyes after wearing the lenses and check them regularly. If any discomfort occurs and does not subside quickly, you should go to the hospital in time for an examination. rgp has a life expectancy of 2 years, and the price of each piece varies from 800 to 1600 yuan, with different designs of rgp. 3, progressive multifocal glasses The United States, Australia and some of our scholars on the progressive multifocal glasses control myopia progression role of randomized controlled study, found that it is only with the internal oblique myopia patients have a certain control myopia progression role, and the role is also relatively limited. In people with internal strabismus who are over-adjusted for near vision, progressive multifocal glasses work by reducing the amount of adjustment needed for near vision. For patients with exotropia, they not only fail to control myopia progression, but also contribute to exotropia aggravation. At present, progressive multifocal glasses are mainly used to correct presbyopia in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition to myopia check, eye position check is very important before prescription of progressive multifocal glasses, and should be fully evaluated before determining whether it is suitable for wearing. At present, there are many places in China where students are indiscriminately over-checked for progressive multifocal glasses and their efficacy is exaggerated, which should cause concern. 4, keratomileusis, also known as OK lenses, is a rigid gas permeable contact lenses through “reversed geometric design”, by reshaping the corneal surface, so that the central cornea flattened, reducing the refractive power of the cornea to achieve the role of myopia correction, currently most of the night wear, daytime can maintain normal naked eye vision without myopic glasses. The clinical study found that long-term wear has the effect of stopping or delaying the progression of myopia, and the efficiency of slowing down the progression of myopia can reach 60% to 90%. ok lens to reduce myopia is short-lived and reversible, once you stop wearing it quickly restore the original myopia, so you need to wear it for a long time. It is believed that the mechanism for controlling myopia progression may be related to the reshaping of the corneal epithelium and improving peripheral defocus. However, OK lenses have the effect of reshaping the corneal surface, which may cause more damage to the cornea than RGP, so it is very important to have regular checkups in addition to wearing and caring for the lenses in strict accordance with the prescription doctor’s requirements. The cost of each pair of lenses is about 5,000 yuan, and the life expectancy is generally 2 years. 5, anti-myopia eye drops The only eye drops that are sure to effectively slow the progression of myopia are atropine, but there are obvious side effects such as dilated pupils, blurred vision and photophobia, which limit their clinical application. Atropine is a non-selective M receptor antagonist that inhibits myopia progression by acting on M receptors in extraretinal tissues, but not by modulating paralysis. The effect of mescaline ophthalmic solution is similar to that of atropine, but its effect is significantly lower than that of atropine. Topiramate ophthalmic solution is also an M-receptor antagonist, but its effect on the eye is mainly regulation paralysis and pupil dilatation. Recent studies have found that regulation does not play a major role in the formation of myopia, and that topiramate is only effective for pseudomyopia caused by regulatory spasm, but not for true myopia. Other eye drops are generally not validated by strict clinical control studies, and their clinical efficacy cannot be evaluated. 6, acupuncture, acupressure, qigong therapy, auricular pressure and other Chinese medicine Chinese medicine theory that can regulate the eye meridian qi, improve eye blood circulation, relieve ciliary muscle spasm, to improve vision. Clinical studies have found that most of them can only improve visual acuity, but not reduce myopic refraction. The vast majority of these studies did not use randomized controlled studies, nor did they take a scientific statistical approach, and the efficacy of these methods has yet to be confirmed by more rigorous controlled studies. Many “eye protection instrument”, “physical therapy instrument” design is also based on the corresponding theory of traditional Chinese medicine, also pending more rigorous control study to verify. 7, eye lamps The development of myopia and improper lighting has a clear relationship, should pay attention to good lighting. Common eye protection lamps on the market is generally a combination of fluorescent lamps and high-frequency electronic ballasts, and ordinary energy-saving lamps work in exactly the same mode, but simply high-frequency flash, and does not eliminate the stroboscopic phenomenon. Manufacturers claim that the eye lamp “no strobe” can protect the eyes and prevent myopia is strictly speaking no scientific basis. The correct use of desk lamps is the key to reducing visual fatigue and preventing myopia. The light source should be located in front of the left, the light should not be directly shot to the eyes, indoor lighting available fluorescent lamps, desktop lighting available incandescent lamps. The brightness of the lighting should not be too dark, nor too bright. 8, myopia laser correction is generally suitable for adults over 18 years of age, can remove myopia, restore normal vision, is the most certain method of correcting myopia efficacy. As the eye development of minors is still immature, myopia is not stable, unless special circumstances, adolescents are generally not suitable for laser surgery correction. 9, nutritional supplements and other measures Blueberries and other foods are beneficial to health, but whether it has the effect of improving vision and preventing myopia, there is no rigorous scientific research to confirm. Most manufacturers advertise the role of health products to prevent myopia, but they have not been confirmed by scientific research. Reading and writing posture is very important for the prevention of myopia, the market sales of anti-myopia seat has a certain role in maintaining sitting, but a long time to maintain a proper sitting posture is mainly dependent on the consciousness of young people. If your child already has myopia, the main thing is to avoid further myopia, and for children who do not currently have myopia, it is important to pay attention to preventing myopia. The most important thing to do to prevent myopia and delay its deepening is to pay attention to eye hygiene, i.e. to avoid excessive eye use, watch less TV and computer, and change bad eye habits. In addition, it is also important to increase the time spent outdoors to prevent myopia. Scholars in the United States and Australia have found that 2 to 3 hours of outdoor activity per day can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of prolonged close eye use on the eyes and slow the progression of myopia. Each method of myopia prevention has its own advantages and disadvantages, each person should choose the appropriate measures according to their own eye conditions. For people with rapid myopia progression, if the conditions are suitable, consider wearing keratomileusis to control myopia progression, high myopia can consider wearing RGP, progressive multifocal glasses for myopia with internal obliquity also has a certain role.