The painful swelling of the testicles after going to the toilet may be caused by trauma, disease and inflammation of the urinary system. 1. Trauma may lead to testicular pain, which will be aggravated after intercourse and urination; 2. Testicular pain caused by disease, such as epididymitis, prostatitis and testicular torsion; 3. Genitourinary system diseases may lead to testicular pain when urinating, such as glansitis. Excluding traumatic diseases, the pain caused by diseases is mostly related to poor daily hygiene and cleanliness and unclean sexual life. If there is no excessive physical labor, fatigue, testicular swelling and pain, it is recommended to promptly go to urology and male medicine for examination, ultrasound testing of bilateral testicular epididymis can be performed, and must be treated symptomatically, never use drugs indiscriminately and pay no attention to avoid affecting the reproductive function.