We are one of the first professional teams in China to treat cervical and lumbar spondylosis using minimally invasive techniques. Limited small incision (3cm) nerve root decompression surgery is the specialty of our department, and we have completed more than 100 cases and accumulated rich experience. Minimally invasive nerve root decompression surgery completely decompresses the nerve roots while protecting the stability of the spine. The advantages of minimally invasive nerve root decompression surgery over traditional posterior decompression surgery are that the spinal process is not removed, the intrinsic structure of the vertebral plate and paravertebral joints is maintained, the nerve root canal is opened, and the nerve root compression is relieved, and the herniated intervertebral disc is removed in pieces under the microscope. The procedure therefore causes less damage to the patient, avoids excessive damage from general posterior decompression, and improves the patient’s quality of life and work while obtaining satisfactory results. Compared with recent intervertebral foraminoscopic surgery, minimally invasive nerve root decompression surgery is more complete, thorough, and effective, with a low recurrence rate and the lowest degree of injury for complete decompression surgery; in addition, one incision can take into account the decompression of two adjacent nerve roots, solving multiple nerve root compressions in one operation; it can be applied to cervical spondylosis. Lumbar spondylosis is a multifaceted degenerative disease of the spine, and patients are often associated with nerve root pain in the lower extremities. Minimally invasive nerve root decompression is a minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of lumbar spondylosis, which has the advantages of small incision, light tissue damage and short operation time. With small incision, the patient’s psychological burden is light, which facilitates rehabilitation treatment; light tissue trauma allows early bedtime activities and reduces scar formation; short operation time reduces the exposure time of the trauma and avoids the occurrence of incision infection, and the patient can get out of bed in 3 to 8 days after the operation to avoid complications such as venous thrombosis of the lower limbs and lumbar muscle weakness caused by too long bedtime. The minimally invasive technique leaves the small joints of the cervical and lumbar spine and the supraspinous ligaments intact, and the role of the tension band is protected, thus minimizing the impact on the stability of the cervical and lumbar spine and avoiding the problem of scar adhesions due to recurrence and the need for reoperation. The indications for this procedure are: ① sudden onset and short duration of neurogenic cervical spondylosis; ② elderly patients with osteoporosis and structural instability of the cervical and lumbar spine; ③ those with significant narrowing of the corresponding intervertebral foramen on imaging. In summary, we believe that: trans-posterior micro-minimally invasive nerve root decompression in the treatment of cervical and lumbar spondylosis has the advantages of low surgical trauma, safety, good postoperative cervical spine stability, few complications and high cure rate, and satisfactory results can be achieved as long as the indications for surgery are strictly mastered.