Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is a systemic inflammatory vascular disease that affects the middle-aged and elderly, with advanced age, race, geography, and gender being important factors in its development. The pathology is characterized by proliferative inflammatory granulomatous lesions throughout the arteries, mainly involving the superficial temporal artery, ophthalmic artery, and other extracranial arteries of the patient. Early symptoms are mostly fever,, hyperhidrosis, anemia, headache and arthralgia with rheumatic polymyalgia, which manifests as bilateral symmetrical muscle stiffness, pain, and neck, shoulder and leg pain that worsens with activity. In clinical practice, temporal arteritis and rheumatic polymyalgia are mostly regarded as different manifestations of one disease development process. In addition, most patients present with typical polymyalgia rheumatica without symptoms of temporal arteritis, and temporal arteritis is only detected during temporal artery biopsy. The condition is usually observed using immunofluorescence techniques, and the involvement of the autoimmune system in the pathogenesis of the disease is demonstrated when deposited proteins are found in the walls of the diseased vessels. It has been reported that the disease can coexist with hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, which represents the involvement of humoral factors and metabolic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease. Currently, the pathogenesis of temporal arteritis is not clearly defined and there is a lack of effective preventive measures. When physical discomfort is detected promptly consult the rheumatology department for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid delaying the disease.