Patients with atrial septal defects are partially treated surgically, usually with either interventional occlusion or open-heart surgery. If the atrial septal defect is accompanied by a shunt from the left atrium to the right atrium, there is no pulmonary hypertension, and the septal defect is relatively small, interventional treatment can be preferred. If the area of the atrial septal defect is larger than 3 cm, open-heart surgery is more effective. If the atrial septal defect is formed by some acquired factors and the location is more suitable, transcatheter intervention can be performed, which will have less risk and less traumatic complications. If the atrial septal defect is located closer to the valve, it is not suitable for interventional sealing, and open-heart repair surgery is an option. Regardless of which treatment option is chosen, the surgeon will consider the patient’s perspective, try to reduce the patient’s pain and make the best recovery.