Fatty liver, also known as intrahepatic steatosis, is a pathological condition caused by excessive accumulation of fat in liver cells for various reasons. In recent years, with the improvement of economic development and the change of diet structure and lifestyle, the prevalence of fatty liver has increased significantly and the trend of low age has emerged, which is another “modern civilization disease” after hypertension and diabetes. It has been reported in the literature that 5-15% of people with fatty liver have the potential risk of developing hepatitis or even cirrhosis and ascites, which seriously threatens human health and affects quality of life and life expectancy. Therefore, controlling the further deterioration of fatty liver is of great importance to improve and enhance the quality of life.
Clinically, fatty liver is classified into alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic fatty liver, depending on whether alcohol is consumed or not. The latter is further divided into obese fatty liver, hyperlipidemic fatty liver, diabetic fatty liver, malnutrition fatty liver, post-hepatitis fatty liver, drug-related fatty liver, and acute fatty liver in pregnancy according to its etiology. Although many disorders can cause fatty liver, they can be prevented. Liver health care is summarized in sixteen words: proper diet, weight control, moderate exercise and careful use of drugs. Diet modification is the basic treatment for most chronic fatty liver diseases and is an important measure to prevent and control the development of fatty liver.
Patients with fatty liver should develop good dietary habits. The first is not to smoke, not to drink alcohol, to drink more tea (green tea is the best) and to drink more water; the second is to eat less salt (5-6 grams per day is appropriate), to eat less heavy and thick flavors, to use appropriate cooking methods (more steaming, stewing, boiling, simmering, and cooling, and try to avoid using frying, deep-frying, stewing, and braising); to avoid spicy and stimulating foods, such as onion, scallion, garlic, ginger, chili, pepper, mustard, curry, coffee, etc.; diet should be Keep eight minutes full, do not overeat. Three meals a day should be regular, try to avoid snacks, midnight snacks, eating slowly, the diet should not be too fine, staple foods should be coarse and fine grains, eat more cereals, corn and other coarse grains, less fine grains such as refined rice and flour; protein to be mainly legumes and vegetable protein, animal protein to fish, rabbit meat is better; eat less animal fat, especially pig brain, animal offal and other foods containing high cholesterol; eat more vitamin content high Eat more food with high vitamin content, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, especially dark or green vegetables, and try to eat before meals or when you are hungry between meals to reduce the amount of staple foods eaten; exercise reasonably.
1.Dietary treatment of alcoholic fatty liver
For the treatment of patients with alcoholic liver disease, abstinence from alcohol is the primary measure, but such patients are often combined with protein, calorie deficiency and multivitamin deficiency, and nutritional support therapy is absolutely effective in improving the prognosis of alcoholic liver disease. Abstinence from alcohol and correction of nutritional deficiencies can cause most fatty liver to subside within 1-6 weeks, but some take longer to subside. A high-calorie, high-protein diet with small amounts of vitamin supplements should be given. Reduce fat intake, mainly unsaturated fatty acids, can choose rich in monounsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil, camellia oil and other vegetable oils mixed with food.
2.Dietary treatment of obese fatty liver
Overnutrition is the most common risk factor for fatty liver, and obesity can lead to insulin resistance and aggravate the damage of endotoxin to the liver. Therefore, weight loss is a common treatment measure for over-nutrition fatty liver. However, it should be emphasized that weight loss is intended to reduce the risk of obesity-related complications rather than dramatic changes in weight over a short period of time, and an individualized weight loss plan needs to be developed under the guidance of a nutritionist. If severe negative nitrogen balance, decreased serum prealbumin, progressive anemia, significant liver dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia), and severe cardiac arrhythmias occur during the weight loss process, it should be discontinued promptly. In addition, proper exercise can not only strengthen the body to prevent disease and has a therapeutic rehabilitation effect, can improve organ function and resistance, resulting in a holistic physiological effect.
3.How to carry out dietary therapy for diabetic fatty liver
Diet therapy is very important for the treatment of all types of diabetic fatty liver. In some light cases, diet control alone can be effective, but in heavy cases, drug therapy must be accompanied by strict diet therapy to achieve the desired effect. The main points of diet are low calorie, low fat and high fiber, carbohydrate can account for about 60% of the total caloric energy, but should not be too fine. Protein intake should be abundant, but daily protein intake should be limited to 1.0 g/kg body weight for those with combined diabetic nephropathy to reduce the burden on the kidneys.
4.Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemic fatty liver
The main points of diet are to limit the intake of animal fat and cholesterol, increase the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids, and limit monosaccharide and disaccharide foods. For those with combined overweight, consideration should also be given to limiting total caloric intake and increasing exercise appropriately. Eating more mushrooms, fungus, celery, hawthorn, mung bean sprouts, wild rice, tomatoes, water chestnuts, cucumbers and other foods can help lower blood lipids and promote the regression of fatty deposits in the liver.
5.Dietary treatment of fatty liver after hepatitis
A proper diet is the key to treating post-hepatitis fatty liver. For such patients, the dietary treatment should first pay attention to maintaining proper total calories, initially controlled in negative balance, so that weight can be reduced by 2~3 kg per month for at least 2~3 months in a row. It is necessary to consume vitamin-rich foods, vegetables and fruits, but in moderation, not “more is better”. Secondly, attention should be paid to the reasonable combination of the three major nutrients in the diet, overweight patients should pay special attention to properly limit the intake of carbohydrates (including pure sugar food and grain), controlled at 3.5~4.5 g/kg per day to avoid stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver. In addition, attention should be paid to the appropriate mix of coarse and fine grains, with more varieties and patterns. In addition to vegetable protein (such as soy products), attention should be paid to the supplementation of high-quality protein, such as lean meat, fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, etc. The intake of fat should not be too much, 0.8~1.0 g/kg per day is appropriate, and should not be too strictly limited to avoid the lack of essential fatty acids.
6.Dietary treatment of malnutrition fatty liver
Malnutrition fatty liver is seen in malignant malnutrition disease, after intestinal bypass surgery, as well as malabsorption syndrome and chronic wasting disease patients. The diet should be high in calories, high in protein, rich in vitamins and low in fiber. In severe cases, the diet can be changed to elemental diet or with the addition of complex amino acid preparation orally, and various nutrients can be supplemented from intravenous if necessary to speed up the recovery of fatty liver. For patients with long-term parenteral nutrition, early opening of the gastrointestinal diet can help prevent the occurrence of liver and biliary complications such as fatty liver and bile depression.
Fatty liver trivia.
1.Vegetable juice and lemon water rich in chlorophyll are excellent liver and blood cleansing foods.
2.Allicin 2 capsules per day, taken together with regular meals, can remove blood and liver toxins (to reduce the damage of allicin to the eyes, use allicin with licorice).
3. 2 capsules of lecithin daily, taken with regular meals, can emulsify fat and help the liver recover its functions.
4, for patients with fatty liver, the timing of eating fruit is also very careful, eat in the morning called “gold”, eat at noon called “silver”, eat in the afternoon is “copper”, eat before bed is “garbage”.
5, Chinese medicine believes that acid can enter the liver, sour things have the effect of lowering transnitrogenase, so should eat vinegar properly.
6, the liver is a detoxification organ, constipation will increase the burden on the liver so as to delay the recovery of liver function so to prevent constipation.
7, can eat more food: corn, sweet potato, oats, mushrooms, marjoram, bean sprouts, acacia, chrysanthemum, lotus leaves, snail, capers, fungus, soybean products, tea, onions, sesame, fish, hawthorn, dates, radish, milk, oats, kelp, apples, cabbage, leeks, eggplant, etc..
Fatty liver patients can be supplemented with the following dietary treatments:
1, winter melon yam porridge: 100g of winter melon and yam, 50g of mutton, 100g of round-grained rice, ginger and salt. Add 1000mL of water to japonica rice, boil over high heat, then peel the lamb, melon, yam, cut into small dice, and ginger, salt together, simmer slowly over low heat until the melon, yam crisp, porridge is ready, divided into 2 to 3 times to serve on an empty stomach.
2, corn oil mixed celery: celery 300g, corn oil 30mL, salt, monosodium glutamate, five spice powder each appropriate amount. Wash the celery (save the young leaves) into a pot of boiling water blanch 2 minutes, take out and cut, put into a plate, add corn oil, salt, MSG, five spice powder a little, mix well. Accompanying meals as a dish.
3, kelp bone soup: shredded kelp, animal backbone each appropriate amount, salt, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, pepper each a little. Wash the shredded kelp, first into the cage steamed; will be spine stew soup, soup after the froth, put the shredded kelp stew rotten, add salt, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, pepper to taste. Eat kelp, drink soup.
4, carp red bean soup: carp 1 (about 500g), red beans 150g, wine, scallions, ginger, salt, MSG each appropriate amount. Clean carp, remove scales, remove dirty intestines, put into a casserole dish, add sufficient water, first boil over high heat, cook in wine, add cleaned and soaked in 1 hour of adzuki beans, switch to low heat and cook for 1 1/2 hours, wait for the carp meat to loosen. Adzuki beans are cooked like crisp, add chopped onion, ginger, salt, monosodium glutamate, and continue to cook for 10 minutes on low heat. Accompany the meal as a dish, eat the same day.
5, hawthorn and lotus leaf fat drink: take 50g hawthorn, lotus leaf 8g, raw rhubarb, raw astragalus 15g each, ginger 2 slices, raw licorice 3g. wash the above flavors together into a casserole decoction soup. Boiled into a tea drink, 3 times a day.
6, peanut bean milk: soybean 50g, peanut rice 20g. will be clean soybean, peanut rice, soaked in cold water for 6 hours, to be soybean, peanut rice, add water 500mL, made of juice, with clean gauze to strain the juice to remove the residue. Boil the filtrate in a pot, you can drink, 2 times in the morning and evening.