Research: In the July 12 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine this year, the findings of German neurologists were published, who found that antibodies to KIR4.1 (potassium channel protein) were present in the serum of nearly half (46.9%) of patients with multiple sclerosis. This antibody is rarely (0.9%) found in other neurological diseases and is not present in healthy individuals. Injection of this serum KIR4.1 antibody into mouse brain resulted in a significant reduction in astrocytic KIR4.1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and a cascade of complement activation at the KIR41-expressing site in the cerebellum. Thus, this finding suggests that potassium channel KIR4.1 may be one of the targets of the MS autoimmune response and may become an important diagnostic marker for MS. KIR4.1, present in glial cell membranes, is involved in the metabolism of the brain, forming myelin sheaths and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system. Eight years ago, American neurologists identified antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in the sera of patients with optic neuromyelitis optica, making it independent from MS as a new neurological immune disease. Aquaporin-4 is also a major structural protein that maintains the blood-brain barrier. Although the discovery of these autoantibodies has provided new knowledge for the understanding of demyelinating diseases, it is not yet possible to conclusively determine whether they are the cause of disease development or the result of the disease progression process. My personal opinion is that they are the result, not the cause of the disease. This is because these two antibodies are only found in the sera of half of the patients (not all of them) and are present (non-specifically) in other diseases, such as aquaporin-4. Recently, it has been found abroad that IVF treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis increases relapse of the disease. The presumed reasons were: IVF failure; use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Vitamin D is an indispensable hormone in the body. Originally known to be associated with calcium metabolism, vitamin D is now understood to be associated with immunity. Low serum vitamin D levels predispose to autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. In patients with multiple sclerosis, reduced vitamin D levels predispose to relapses. Treatment: A foreign scholar recently published clinical literature in which 181 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were randomized into three groups. One group was treated with interferon, one group was treated with interferon combined with low-dose azathioprine, and one group was treated with interferon, low-dose hormone combined with azathioprine. The treatment effect of each group was evaluated according to the annual recurrence rate, disability extension scale and MRI parameters. after 6 years, the comparison revealed no difference between the three groups. Unfortunately, the grouping did not contain a blank control group (no medication group). However, the paper suggests that our long-term medication treatment approach deserves attention. Because nowadays, most doctors in China still follow the foreign relapse period with medication, stop after remission, and then relapse and use again until the patient is disabled.