The natural history of colorectal cancer is as long as 10~35 years, which provides favorable conditions for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Therefore, attention should be paid to self-examination for early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.
1.Pay attention to the color of stool when the tumor forms a very small nodular mass on the superficial layer of mucosa of large intestine, there can be bleeding. The characteristics of blood in stool in colorectal cancer are: blood in stool comes suddenly and painlessly, and may be accompanied by changes in stool habit. Therefore, elderly people, including middle-aged and young people, should be suspected of having colorectal cancer if they have blood in stool for 2 to 3 weeks for no known reason.
Under normal circumstances, everyone has their own fixed defecation time and number of defecation. If there is a sudden change of defecation pattern for unknown reasons, the stool is snot-like, bloody mucus-like or alternating between diarrhea and constipation, and there is a feeling of obstruction when defecating, and the stool smells bad, etc., you should be highly alert and have an examination as soon as possible.
I. Prevention of colorectal cancer
1.Change the diet mainly of fine grain, refined grain, high protein and high fat, adjust the diet structure, avoid long-term high-fat diet, increase the intake of food fiber, especially increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and keep the bowel movement smooth.
2.Eat well in the morning, eat well at noon and eat less at night to avoid the hidden danger of intestinal cancer in dinner. At present, most of the three meals a day are supplied by dinner, and the reduced activities in the evening will certainly make some undigestible nutrients subject to the action of bacteria in the intestine, producing toxins such as aminophenol, ammonia and indole to stimulate the intestinal wall. In addition, the high-fat meal in dinner can increase the concentration of bile acids in the intestine, which can generate carcinogens under the action of bacteria. Dinner must be light and easy to digest with less fat.
3, actively prevent and treat precancerous lesions, intestinal polyps, colonic adenomas, adenomatous polyps, ulcerative colitis, especially familial polyposis, must be removed early.
4, where the recent appearance of unexplained bloody stool or stool habit changes, must go to a specialist hospital for examination.
5, pay attention to health screening, especially the high-risk groups over 30 years old, such as a history of chronic colitis or chronic diarrhea, family history of cancer, history of pelvic radiation therapy or intestinal polyps, it is best to do a colonoscopy once a year.
6. Pay attention to physical exercise to keep bowel movement smooth, reduce toxin absorption and lower the risk of bowel cancer. Those who are accustomed to sedentary work and lifestyle should pay more attention to adjustment at any time.
7. Those who have constipation habits should pay special attention to increase the content of fiber in the diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, drink more water and increase the activity appropriately to relieve constipation, but never use laxatives to relieve constipation.
Dietary contraindications of colorectal cancer.
1.Prohibit eating moldy or rotten food diet.
2.Prohibit high-salt diet.
3.Prohibit excessive stimulating food. Such as chili pepper, pepper, etc.
4, forbidden to smoke and alcohol.
5, after surgery patients avoid milk, sugar and high carbohydrate diet to prevent the occurrence of dumping syndrome.
6, eat less or no smoked food and excessive pickled vegetarian dishes.
7.Avoid high-fat diet.
Prevention of gastrointestinal tumor in daily life.
1.Diversify the diet, do not eat partially and pay attention to the reasonable combination of nutrients.
2. Eat more vitamin C rich foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, more garlic, raw garlic is better.
3, eat more food rich in vitamin A, such as animal liver, carrots, egg yolk, etc.
4, do not eat moldy food.
5, avoid overeating, eat less salt cured, smoked and fried food.
6, do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol.
7, strengthen physical exercise, regular life, avoid excessive fatigue.
8.Cultivate optimistic emotion, correctly treat the adverse stimuli in life and maintain a good state of mind.
Role of dietary factors in colorectal cancer prevention.
Colorectal cancer is a kind of lifestyle cancer, and dietary factors seriously affect the prevention of colorectal cancer. For example, if you like to eat red meat such as beef, pork, mutton, animal offal and other high cholesterol foods for a long time, the metabolites of bile acid and cholesterol produced by the body when digesting these high cholesterol foods will increase, which can cause the increase of anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal cavity, and these factors have strong carcinogenic effects. If we eat less vegetables and fruits at the same time, the lack of fiber in the intestine, the slowing down of intestinal movement, the decrease of stool volume, and the increase of contact time between these carcinogenic substances and intestinal wall, will easily lead to colorectal cancer. Therefore, we should eat less red meat, fried, smoked and pickled food, more fresh vegetables of various colors and bean-like vegetables, more fruits with high potassium such as bananas, apples, strawberries and kiwis with high fiber and vitamin C, which are good for inhibiting the formation of carcinogens. High fiber can also accelerate the movement of intestine and reduce the damage of carcinogens to intestinal wall, so as to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
Significance of fruits and vegetables in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Besides rich in vitamins and minerals, vegetables and fruits are also rich in dietary fiber, which can not only prevent constipation but also reduce the damage of harmful substances in feces to intestinal wall, which is important for the prevention of intestinal cancer. In addition, most vegetables and fruits are alkaline foods, while general high-protein foods are acidic foods. In human stomach, meat, rice, wheat and other food will often have acidic reaction after digestion, which needs vegetables and fruits to neutralize and maintain the acid-base balance in the body.
Although the types and quantities of fruits and vegetables are constantly increasing, while our residents are eating less and less fruits and vegetables. In contrast, we now eat 10 times more meat than we did 40 years ago.
According to the dietary nutrition pyramid recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society, each person should eat 100~200 grams of fruits and 400~500 grams of vegetables per day, while we now eat 276 grams of vegetables and 45 grams of fruits per person per day, which is far below the recommended standard.
For the sake of health, let’s take positive actions to change our dietary habits as soon as possible and eat as many fruits and vegetables as possible!
High-fat diet and colorectal cancer.
Fat plays an important role in the cancer-promoting stage during the development of colorectal cancer. It is now believed that fat diet may cause the occurrence of colorectal cancer through the effect of changing the concentration of bile acids in stool. The relationship between fat and colon cancer is stronger than its relationship with rectal cancer. People on high-fat diets often consume more meat, which can produce carcinogenic heterocyclic amines during frying or roasting, which may lead to the development of colorectal cancer. Western diet is mainly high in saturated fat and high animal protein, but often tends to be a low-fiber diet, so colorectal cancer is mainly high in colon cancer.
A domestic study found that saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and the occurrence of colon cancer are related, but not rectal cancer, while fried and preserved foods and the occurrence of colorectal cancer are related.
Constipation and colorectal cancer.
Long-term constipation slows down intestinal movement and prolongs the residence time of stool in the intestine, which prolongs the contact time between harmful substances in stool and intestinal mucosa and increases the possibility of cancer.
Exercise and colorectal cancer.
Exercise can promote intestinal peristalsis, facilitate excretion and reduce the damage of various harmful substances in the intestine to the intestinal tract. Therefore, regular exercise is of great importance to effectively prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
High-risk groups of colorectal cancer
1.People with intestinal symptoms: For people with symptoms such as blood in stool, increased number of stools, mucus in stool and abdominal pain, they must pay high attention to them, and some of them may be colorectal cancer patients and should go to oncology hospitals for examination.
2.Patients with colorectal adenoma: colorectal adenoma is a precancerous lesion, and many colorectal cancers evolve from adenoma, which must be closely followed up and dealt with in time. Of course, do not worry too much, colorectal adenoma is a benign lesion, although it is easy to recur, most of them will not evolve into colorectal cancer.
3. Previous colorectal cancer: 2.5%~11% of colorectal cancer patients may have cancer again in the remaining colon after surgical resection, and the longer the time after surgery, the higher the chance of recurrence, so close follow-up is necessary.
4.Family members of colorectal cancer patients: the occurrence of tumor is related to the living environment, lifestyle and genetics, therefore, family members of colorectal cancer patients are also the high-risk group of colorectal cancer.
5.Patients with inflammatory bowel disease: such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
6.Patients with pelvic radiotherapy.
7.Familial colorectal cancer: mainly refers to some patients with clear family hereditary syndromes, such as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial polyposis and P-J syndrome, etc.
8.Familial adenomatous polyps, multiple polyps of the large intestine.
9, long-term high-fat and low-fiber diet, and people over 50 years old should be considered as high-risk groups.
Therefore, we emphasize regular follow-up and strengthening detection for this group of people, so that the high-risk group of colorectal cancer can be detected before the appearance of symptoms, to achieve early diagnosis, early treatment and improve the cure rate.
Early detection of colorectal cancer
If patients feel abnormal and can seek medical treatment in time, and if people pay attention to the screening and screening of high-risk groups of colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer can be detected at an early stage.
2.How to detect early, attach great importance to the early signs of colorectal cancer, such as blood in stool, unexplained anemia, intestinal obstruction, more frequent stools than usual and the feeling of wanting to defecate soon after, change of stool habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, stool deformation, etc.
3.The simplest method for early detection of colorectal cancer is rectal finger examination and stool occult blood test. Rectal finger examination can detect intestinal tumors below 7-8cm from the anal opening. Because colorectal cancer will bleed but the amount is not much and cannot be distinguished by naked eyes, so fecal occult blood test should be done regularly.
4.The significance of early detection The treatment methods and prognosis of early detection and late detection of colorectal cancer are very different. For early-stage colorectal cancer, almost all of them can undergo radical surgery, and even without chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery, the 5-year survival rate reaches more than 90%, and most of the patients can obtain long-term survival; for patients with mid-stage colorectal cancer, most of them can also undergo radical surgery, and apply chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before or after surgery as needed, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 60%~70% or even higher, and a large proportion of patients can survive for a long time. Most of the patients can survive for a long time; while for those who are found to be advanced or have metastasis, they often have lost the chance of surgery and can only receive palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and the 5-year survival rate is almost 0. Even if the best palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is applied, the average survival time is only about 26 months. Therefore, early detection and early treatment of colorectal cancer are of great significance to the prognosis of patients.
5.All people should pay attention to the early detection of colorectal cancer and improve their awareness of self-care. At present, 2/3 of the colorectal cancers found clinically are caused by patients’ own negligence, delaying early diagnosis and losing the best time to cure, and these painful lessons have happened to the parents, brothers and sisters and even doctors of our medical staff. Therefore, we must be alert to the early signs of colorectal cancer and pay attention to the early detection of colorectal cancer.