Winter is coming and it is the high season of trigeminal neuralgia. The following is a brief introduction to the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia and its prevention and treatment. Trigeminal neuralgia is a brain neurological disease mainly manifested by recurrent paroxysmal severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the face, which is also known as “the first pain in the world”. The incidence rate of trigeminal neuralgia in China is 52.2/100,000, and it occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, more on the right side than on the left side, more in women than in men, and the incidence rate can increase with age. The characteristics of the disease include: the onset of the disease in the trigeminal nerve distribution area of the head and face, sudden onset, sudden stop, lightning-like, slash-like, burning-like, intractable and severe pain, the pain lasts for several seconds or minutes, the pain is periodic, the interval between attacks is the same as normal people. The pain may be triggered by talking, washing the face, brushing the teeth, or even walking in the breeze. The etiology and pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia have not yet been clearly established, and various schools of thought have failed to explain its clinical symptoms. At present, the trigeminal neuralgia theory and the epileptiform neuralgia theory are supported by the trigeminal nerve microvascular compression leading to nerve demyelination. Trigeminal neuralgia can be divided into two categories: primary (symptomatic) trigeminal neuralgia and secondary trigeminal neuralgia, of which primary trigeminal neuralgia is more common and refers to the presence of clinical symptoms, but no organic lesion related to the onset of the disease is found. In addition to clinical symptoms, secondary trigeminal neuralgia can also be detected by clinical and imaging examinations, such as tumor, inflammation, and vascular malformation. Radiofrequency thermal coagulation destruction is a safe, simple and patient-friendly treatment method with an efficacy of up to 90%. The rationale is that the nociceptive fibers within the trigeminal nerve can be selectively destroyed, while preserving the tactile fibers. This procedure is less dangerous and rarely results in serious complications, but is prone to recurrence. It is indicated for elderly people in whom carbamazepine is ineffective or who cannot tolerate the toxic side effects of the drug and for those with systemic diseases that prevent craniotomy, and the treatment can be repeated after recurrence. Compared with open microvascular decompression, it is relatively easy to operate, has good pain relief, and its trauma, risk and treatment cost are lower. There are a few patients caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels. Clinically, MRI examination of patients with symptoms of vascular compression can clearly reveal the compression of the trigeminal nerve root, and these patients can be treated by microvascular decompression surgery. Microvascular decompression surgery for primary trigeminal neuralgia has been widely used in clinical practice and can achieve good and long-lasting clinical results. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia should take more calcium and vitamin-rich foods, and should not eat hard fruit foods and cold and spicy foods to prevent them from triggering the disease. Eating, talking, brushing teeth and rinsing mouth, washing face should be done gently. Pay attention to the warmth of the head and face, avoid local freezing and dampness, maintain emotional stability and sufficient sleep, participate in sports and exercise appropriately to strengthen the system.