Nocturnal dry cough is particularly common, and the cough persists, seriously affecting the patient’s quality of life. The most common causes of nocturnal dry cough are variant cough and chronic pharyngitis. Variant cough is usually caused by allergies and can be improved with bronchial excitation tests to rule out disease, while chronic pharyngitis can be clarified with the patient’s medical history, as well as laryngoscopy. If the cough is caused by variant cough, the patient is advised to take oral montelukast sodium and inhale a bronchodilator to improve the symptoms. If it is caused by chronic pharyngitis, the patient is advised to control the diet and not to eat spicy and stimulating foods, and can also take heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese medicine to improve the symptoms.