Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease, accounting for approximately 22.5% of thyroid disorders, and is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in the United States.
I. Internal treatment
1.Limit iodine intake.
2.Thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
3.Treatment of Hashimoto’s thyrotoxicosis.
Second, surgical treatment
1.Non-surgical treatment.
(1) Thyroxine treatment.
(2) Anti-thyroid treatment.
(3) Glucocorticoid therapy.
2. Surgical treatment.
(1) Enlarged thyroid gland with obvious pressure symptoms and ineffective drug treatment.
(2) Recurrent attacks of Graves’ disease and ineffective drug treatment.
(3) Cases in which complications of thyroid cancer cannot be excluded.
(1) History of head and neck radiation exposure, history of total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplantation, family history of thyroid cancer or history of radiation exposure before the age of 14.
(ii) Rapid growth of thyroid nodules with hoarseness, vocal cord paralysis and enlarged and fixed ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes.
(iii) Ultrasound suggestive of thyroid nodules with tiny calcified foci, hypoechogenicity and rich vascularity.
(iv) Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid gland suggesting or suspecting thyroid cancer. Preoperative clear diagnosis and targeted selection of surgical modality are the basic principles of surgical treatment. Most patients may have irreversible hypothyroidism after surgery, and L-T4 should be applied continuously to keep the blood TSH in normal range.
Third, dietary care
The diet should be light, pay attention to hygiene, and reasonably match meals.