Vertigo is a common condition that can be easily misdiagnosed and mistreated. This is because: vertigo is a complex condition that can be caused by multidisciplinary and multisystemic diseases. Vertigo is often sudden and recurring, which can affect the daily life of patients! Study! Employment! Work and social activities have a great impact on patients’ daily life, study, employment, and social activities; personal or work accidents caused by vertigo are also heard from time to time; it often makes patients’ quality of life decrease or consider themselves disabled, which seriously affects patients’ physical and mental health and causes anxiety! Depression and other physical illnesses; a lot of human, material, financial and time is spent on the diagnosis, treatment and care of such patients. As a result of repeated visits to the doctor, the financial burden of patients increases. Many clinicians cannot accurately grasp the symptoms of vertigo and easily confuse it with other symptoms (often with dizziness, unsteadiness and syncope, etc.) when the patient complains of vertigo. This, coupled with the fact that most middle-aged and elderly patients do have cervical degeneration or increased blood flow in the TCD (but not necessarily the responsible lesion), leads to the classification of a large number of patients with dizziness or vertigo as Meniere’s disease or cervical spondylosis, resulting in multiple adverse consequences for the patient. For many years physicians! Patients and the community are accustomed to think of 3 diseases when it comes to vertigo: Meniere’s disease, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency, or cervical spondylosis. In fact, the sum of the three accounts for less than 20% of vertigo. 1. Properly distinguish between true vertigo and pseudovertigo. True vertigo: the symptoms are motor hallucinations of oneself or external objects, i.e. vertigo that meets the strict definition; the etiology is caused by vestibular system diseases (peripheral or central vestibular lesions) “with obvious sensation of rotation of external objects or oneself”, which can be further divided into peripheral vertigo and central vertigo according to the location of lesions. Pseudovertigo: It is dizziness and lightheadedness caused by systemic diseases, without the sensation of rotation, floating, tumbling or drifting, and is not a motor hallucination. The vertigo caused by oculogenic, proprioceptive and systemic diseases are all pseudovertigo. 2.Distinguish peripheral vertigo from central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo is vertigo caused by lesions of vestibular receptors and extracranial segment of vestibular nerve, mostly accompanied by hearing changes and abnormal vestibular function, but without the manifestation of neurological damage. Peripheral vertigo is the most common type of vertigo, accounting for about 80%-85% of all vertigo. Central vertigo: It is caused by lesions in the intracranial segment of vestibular nerve, vestibular nucleus, supranuclear fibers, medial longitudinal tract, cortical and cerebellar vestibular representative areas. It is mostly associated with symptoms of neurological damage, signs or abnormalities of auxiliary examinations, without hearing changes or vestibular abnormalities, and accounts for about 15%-20% of all vertigo. Therefore, vertigo is a clinical manifestation common to many complex vertigo disorders. Some of the central vertigo requires emergency treatment, otherwise it can be life-threatening, such as cerebral hemorrhage and cranial trauma. While peripheral vertigo requires a thorough examination to confirm the diagnosis for symptomatic treatment. It is important to find the appropriate specialist for vertigo to reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment.