What is the macula? The macula is a non-vascular area located in the center of the retina. Why does macular disease affect your vision? Because normally what we call vision is the function of the macula. So once the macula becomes diseased, it will directly affect your vision.? The clinical manifestations after macular disease are mainly vision loss and visual distortion. The main causes include vitreous macular traction syndrome, idiopathic macular anterior membrane, idiopathic macular fissure, choroidal neovascularization caused by hemorrhage, etc. The first three are macular interface diseases.