Psychoneuroimmunological studies have shown that behavioral factors and emotions can have an impact on the systemic and local inflammatory response and the immune system. If patients with ulcerative colitis show high depression scores, the disease shows a high risk of worsening. These results are supported by clinical practice, and prospective studies have shown that negative events of emotion can cause recurrence of ulcerative colitis. Investigating the psychological status of patients with ulcerative colitis is instructive in clarifying the role of psychological interventions in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. It is important to adhere to regular treatment and not to abuse drugs Often patients present with symptoms of mucus and purulent blood stools related to rectal inflammation, but not caused by bacterial infection, and treatment with metronidazole and gentamicin enemas is usually ineffective and requires nonspecific anti-inflammatory drugs. In clinical practice, the application of dexamethasone enemas has good short-term effects, but once the hormone is discontinued patients’ symptoms tend to recur, and long-term application of the drug can also lead to acne, femoral necrosis and a series of other side effects. We would like to emphasize that corticosteroid drugs are mainly suitable for short-term application in patients with severe and extensive active lesions. Patients with limited or combined rectal lesions should be first 5-aminosalicylic acid suppositories, nanoanal, localized, with good effects and few adverse reactions, and not first corticosteroids. Long-term application of amino salicylic acid maintenance therapy is effective for most patients. The cheapest of these drugs is salazosulfapyridine, which is decomposed into 5-aminosalicylic acid with the help of human intestinal bacteria after oral administration to play a therapeutic role, but patients often stop the drug at will due to adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal side effects and liver function impairment. The newer 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, such as mesalazine, currently have few adverse effects, are well tolerated on a long-term basis, and can significantly reduce recurrence. Although ulcerative colitis is a serious chronic disease that requires long-term medication and, if necessary, hospitalization, it is not fatal. Even with this disease, patients can live a rich life. The patient should maintain a positive attitude, live a normal life, combine work and rest, eat a low residue, easy to digest, low-fat, high-protein diet, regular review, and choose different individualized medication programs under the guidance of the doctor according to the patient’s individual situation, stage of the disease, the presence of complications, and economic status will be beneficial in preventing the onset and progression of the disease.