Cervical lesions are various lesions that occur in the cervical area, including benign cervical lesions (erosion, glandular cysts, hypertrophy, etc.), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical cancer. As women become more aware of their own health care, regular medical checkups have led to early diagnosis and timely treatment of many cervical diseases. However, it also brings many negative effects, including over-treatment and complication of simple treatment, which bring huge psychological and financial burdens to patients. Obstetricians and gynecologists, as the defenders of women’s health, have the responsibility and obligation to pass on these normative and correct understanding to the majority of women. Common causes of over-treatment of cervical lesions 1. Physician factors: unfamiliar with the diagnosis and treatment norms, not following the current three-step procedure of the Chinese Medical Association for cervical cancer screening, resulting in blind abuse of tests or failure to perform necessary screening, leading to misdiagnosis or omission of suspected patients and increasing the economic burden of patients. Individual medical personnel overly pursue economic benefits and irresponsibly exaggerate the diagnosis and treatment of patients. 2. Patient factors: Lack of medical knowledge, blindly believing that as long as the doctor sees the patient, the doctor must diagnose the disease and should have the examination and treatment, so that the doctor is the “doctor” “responsible” doctor; excessive worry and fear of the disease also lead to the demand for Excessive worry and fear of the disease also lead doctors to choose treatments above the level of the disease itself, excessive or expensive drugs, or even to “kill the chicken with a bull”, turning cervical treatments that did not require treatment or were simple into cervical circumcision (LEEP knife) or conization or even hysterectomy. What are the consequences of inappropriate treatment and over-treatment of the cervix? 1. It directly brings about an increased economic and psychological burden on the patient 2. The normal structure of the cervix has: the secretion of mucus to form plugs has a role in lubricating the vagina and preventing infection (gynecological inflammation); and sufficient amount of mucus is conducive to the passage of sperm to facilitate conception. After cervical treatment such as LEEP surgery, cervical stenosis or even atresia may occur, destroying this protective effect and possibly affecting conception and natural delivery. Post-operative bleeding and secondary infection are also possible risks. C. Cervical lesion screening and treatment selection 1. Cervical screening should be adhered to in the treatment 2. Standardized, individualized, humanized and minimally invasive principles should be followed in the treatment, and the appropriate treatment plan should be selected by combining the classification and degree of cervical lesions, the patient’s age and whether to have children —- including follow-up observation, local medication, physical therapy (including laser, freezing, infrared, microwave etc.), cervical LEEP knife circumferential conization, hysterectomy and other different treatment modalities.