Often female friends complain of gynecological physical examination found “cervical erosion, cervicitis”, unusually worried, hoping to be able to treat thoroughly. Some of them have even undergone intravenous rehydration, laser, microwave, leep knife surgery and other non-indicated and unnecessary treatments in some private hospitals, which cost a lot of money. Therefore, we feel the need to talk about “cervical erosion” and “cervicitis” and everyone’s understanding. The term “cervical erosion” is a customary term used by doctors to describe the naked eye appearance of the cervix, which has been renamed “cervical columnar epithelial ectasia” in the international arena. The cervical epithelium has two main types of epithelial cells, a squamous epithelium, like fish scales covering the surface of the cervix, which looks smooth, and a columnar epithelium, which is arranged like columns and reddens the surface of the cervix. The squamous epithelium of the cervix moves out and is replaced by the columnar epithelium, which is thinner, and the subepithelial blood vessels can be seen on the surface of the columnar epithelium, so the surface of the cervix is seen to be red with erosion-like changes. Recent studies have shown that the mechanism of “cervical erosion” is mainly due to the role of estrogen secreted by the ovary in the cervix, so that the cervical squamous epithelium, columnar epithelial junction (referred to as squamous, columnar junction) displacement. Under the influence of estrogen, the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal proliferates and moves outward from the opening of the cervix to cover the squamous epithelium, making the tissues in this area appear as a finely granular red zone. Covered only by a single layer of columnar epithelium, the surface is flat; later, due to hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium with mesenchymal hyperplasia, the surface is uneven and granular. According to the size of the area of columnar epithelial hyperplasia, it is clinically categorized as “cervical erosion” I degree (mild), II degree (moderate), III degree (severe). The squamous and columnar junction of the female cervix can move with changes in estrogen levels at different times of life. For example, newborns are affected by maternal estrogen, which can cause the columnar epithelium of the cervix to move outward, which is called congenital cervical erosion; after puberty, due to the increase of estrogen secreted by the ovaries, the stimulation of columnar epithelial hyperplasia makes the primitive squamous-columnar junction move outward to the vaginal part of the cervix, so the whole cervix is covered by the outwardly moving columnar cells, forming the so-called “cervical erosion of the third degree”. The whole cervix is covered by columnar cells, forming the so-called “cervical erosion III”; pregnancy, and oral contraceptives can cause the squamous-columnar junction to move out, known as physiological cervical erosion; after menopause with the decline of estrogen levels, the squamous-columnar junction and return to the cervical canal. After menopause, it is rare to see “cervical erosion”. Chronic cervicitis] Because the cervical canal columnar epithelium is thin, low resistance, pathogens easily invade and inflammation occurs. Chronic cervicitis is clinically seen in the following manifestations: 1, cervical hypertrophy Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, the cervix is congested, edema, glandular and mesenchymal hyperplasia, which makes the cervix in varying degrees of hypertrophy. No special treatment is needed; 2, cervical polyps Chronic inflammation of long-term stimulation, so that the cervical tube mucosa local hyperplasia, gradually protruding from the cervical opening, the formation of polyps. Surgery is needed to remove and send pathologic examination to exclude lesions. The vast majority of cervical polyps are benign lesions; 3, cervical glandular cysts, also known as Naboth cysts, referred to as Nabocysts (Nabocysts), is a kind of protruding from the surface of the cervix greenish-white vesicles. No special treatment is needed; 4, cervical canal inflammation (endocervicitis) Inflammation is confined to the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and the tissues under it, clinically, the cervical-vaginal part is smooth, but the cervical opening is congested with blood or there is purulent secretion blockage. Local application of vaginal suppositories is usually sufficient for treatment. In summary, usually called “cervical erosion” is not “real erosion”, the vast majority of “pseudo erosion” (cervical columnar epithelium ectopic), is not a disease, do not need treatment. A very small number of patients with cervical erosion (cervical columnar epithelial ectasia) need treatment for severe erosion, ectropion, hyperplasia, and leukorrhea. However, because patients with precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer cannot be recognized by the naked eye in the early stage, it is difficult to distinguish the appearance of the cervix from that of “cervical erosion”, so it is necessary to differentiate between them. Married women or women who have been sexually active for more than three years need to undergo standardized screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions every 1-2 years, which can be used to rule out or detect cervical dysplasia at an early stage through human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, cervical cytology smears (TCT or Pap smears), and colposcopy, and can lead to timely and effective treatment. Note that early cervical cancer or precancerous lesions may be present even in women with a smooth cervical appearance.