The current climate conditions are harsh and the large temperature difference between morning and evening is one of the triggers of acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, whenever there is a bad climate, patients with cardiovascular diseases should pay more attention to health care. In addition, patients themselves are overly tired, emotional, after a full meal, poor sleep or continuous stressful work, etc., which may trigger the disease and patients with cardiovascular diseases have to prevent.
The precursor of myocardial infarction is not necessarily heart pain
Myocardial infarction does have the symptom of “heartache”, often with unbearable crushing pain in the middle or upper 1/3 of the sternum most commonly, often accompanied by chest tightness, breath-holding, sweating or a sense of near death. However, according to statistics, about 1/6 to 1/3 of patients in China usually do not have chest pain, and the nature and location of the pain are not typical, which often leads to misdiagnosis. Some patients with pain located in the upper abdomen are often mistaken for acute abdominal diseases such as gastric ulcer perforation or acute pancreatitis; located in the jaw or neck, they are often mistaken for osteoarthrosis.
Most patients have prodromal symptoms such as weakness, chest discomfort, palpitations during activity, shortness of breath, irritability, and angina pectoris in the days to weeks before the onset of the disease. Among them, the most prominent is the new occurrence of angina pectoris, primary angina pectoris or aggravation of the existing angina pectoris (malignant angina). The symptoms are.
1, gastrointestinal symptoms
Chest pain may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, the feeling of wanting to defecate.
2.Severe anterior heart area or retrosternal pain
When typical myocardial infarction occurs, it is often manifested as severe precordial or retrosternal pain, which is cramping, accompanied by radiating pain in the left shoulder and left upper limb, lasting for about ten minutes or even half an hour, which cannot be relieved, accompanied by continuous chest tightness, profuse sweating, irritability, sense of dying or suffocation, and the above symptoms cannot be relieved by sublingual nitroglycerin. And some atypical patients also have upper abdominal pain or neck tightness, tooth pain as the main manifestation.
3. Systemic symptoms
There are fever, tachycardia, increased white blood cells and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, etc. The body temperature is usually around 38 degrees, rarely exceeds 39 degrees, and lasts about a week.
4.Prodromal symptoms
A few days or a week before the occurrence of myocardial infarction, there are often prodromal symptoms of increased chest tightness and chest pain, which are manifested as chest tightness and chest pain lasting longer and the degree of pain being worse than before, and the effect of relieving the above symptoms after rest or taking nitroglycerin under the tongue is not as good as before.
5.Low blood pressure and shock
Hypotension and shock pain period in the blood pressure drop is common, not necessarily shock. If the pain is relieved and the systolic blood pressure is still lower than 10.67kpa (8mmHg), there is irritability, pale face, wet and cold skin, thin and fast pulse, sweating, reduced urine volume (20ml per hour), mental retardation, and even fainting, then it is a manifestation of shock. Shock more in a few hours to 1 week after the onset of the main.
6, the original angina aggravated
The pain is more frequent than the previous episodes, the degree of pain is significantly increased, the duration is longer than in the past, the effect of containing nitroglycerin is not good, light activity can be induced, or the episodes occur in the resting state.
First aid methods for acute myocardial infarction.
Method 1: Regardless of the appearance of aura symptoms or myocardial infarction, it is necessary to immediately stop activities, rest quietly in place, and quickly use emergency drugs, immediately containing nitroglycerin tablets or sniffing isoamyl nitrite. Or take coronary heart sulforaphane, etc.
Method 2: In case of myocardial infarction, if shock occurs, take a flat position with the head slightly lowered, promptly remove foreign bodies from the mouth and keep the airway open.
Method 3: If there is no obvious hypotension, use discretionary crown-dilating drugs, such as nitroglycerin 0.6 mg and cardiac pain 5-10 mg orally.
Method 4: In case of acute left heart failure such as dyspnea and cyanosis, the patient should be in a sitting position with both lower limbs hanging down or in a semi-recumbent position, or alternatively, both lower limbs can be ligated to reduce the amount of blood return and reduce the degree of heart failure.
Method 5: With premature ventricular beats or for extensive anterior wall. In myocardial infarction, lidocaine 75-150 mg can be pushed intravenously, followed by intravenous drip at a rate of 1-4 mg per minute.
In addition to the first aid methods for myocardial infarction: the first thing to do is to be absolutely bedridden and organize resuscitation in situ. Continuous or intermittent oxygenation for at least 48 hours. Then establish intravenous fluid access for administration in case of urgent need. Reduce or eliminate triggering factors, do not smoke, do not eat too much, and avoid cold diet. Also prevent mental stress, mood swings and overexertion.