Open heart surgery for mediastinal tumors can cause some damage to the body. Since open heart surgery for mediastinal tumors is a large operation, pulmonary complications such as infection, pneumothorax, mediastinal shift, pulmonary thromboembolism, etc. may occur after the operation, among which pulmonary thromboembolism is frequent and insidious, which is extremely dangerous. Therefore, this surgery will cause some damage to the body. Mediastinal tumors include primary and metastatic tumors, in which primary mediastinal tumors are tumors and cysts arising from various tissue structures located in the mediastinum; whereas metastatic tumors are more common and most of them are metastasized by lymph nodes. Mediastinal tumor treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, the majority of primary mediastinal tumors can be treated by surgery; malignant lymphogenic tumors are mostly treated by radiotherapy; if malignant mediastinal tumors invade into adjacent organs and cannot be removed or have distant metastasis, radiotherapy can be used for treatment. When patients are diagnosed with mediastinal tumors, they need to choose the appropriate treatment plan according to their conditions under the guidance of doctors. Doctors will carry out a comprehensive assessment for patients before surgery, and open-heart surgery will only be chosen when the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, and patients should strictly observe the precautions before and after the surgery.