Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide epidemic, and according to the World Health Organization, about 2 billion people worldwide have been infected with HBV, 350 million of whom are chronically infected with HBV, and about 1 million people die each year from liver failure, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by HBV infection. China is a highly endemic area for HBV infection, and the HBsAg positivity rate of the general population is 9.09%. Among patients with liver cirrhosis, those with hepatitis B infection account for more than 80%. How to diagnose cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection in China? Hepatitis B cirrhosis is the result of the development of chronic hepatitis B. The liver histology shows diffuse fibrosis and pseudobulbar formation, both of which must be present at the same time to make a pathological diagnosis of cirrhosis. Clinically, it can be divided into: 1. compensated cirrhosis: there can be mild weakness, loss of appetite or abdominal distension symptoms, ALT and AST can be abnormal, but there is no obvious liver function loss performance yet. There may be portal hypertension, such as hypersplenism and mild esophagogastric fundic varices, but there is no bleeding from ruptured esophagogastric varices, no ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, etc. 2.Decompensated cirrhosis: Patients often have serious complications such as ruptured esophagogastric fundic varices bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. Most of them have obvious loss of liver function, such as serum albumin <35g/L, bilirubin >35μmol/L, ALT and AST with different degrees of elevation, and prothrombin activity (PTA) <60％. How to choose anti-hepatitis B virus treatment for cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B? The indications for treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who are HBeAg-positive (i.e., major triple-positive) are HBV DNA ≥ 10E5 copies/ml, and in HBeAg-negative (i.e., minor triple-positive) hepatitis B cirrhosis is HBV DNA ≥ 10E4 copies/ml and normal or elevated ALT. The goal of treatment is to delay and reduce the occurrence of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. 1. Lamivudine: 100mg orally once daily. There is no fixed course of treatment and long-term application is required. 2.Adefovir: 10mg orally once a day. No fixed course of treatment, long-term application is required. 3.Tebivudine: 600mg orally once a day. No fixed course of treatment, long-term application is required. 4.Entecavir: 0.5mg orally once a day. No fixed course of treatment, need long-term application. 5.Interferon: Because of the possibility of complications such as loss of liver function, great care should be taken. If it is considered necessary, it is advisable to start with a small dose and gradually increase to the intended therapeutic dose according to the patient's tolerance. Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis: The indications for treatment are HBV DNA positivity and normal or elevated ALT. The goal of treatment is to improve liver function by suppressing viral replication in order to delay or reduce the need for liver transplantation. Antiviral therapy can only delay disease progression but cannot by itself change the final outcome of end-stage cirrhosis. Interferon therapy can lead to liver failure and is, therefore, a contraindication. For patients with decompensated cirrhosis with active viral replication and inflammatory activity, lamivudine or telbivudine or entecavir may be given under the guidance of a specialist to improve liver function on the basis of their informed consent, but should not be discontinued at will. In case of resistance mutation, other approved nucleoside (acid) analogues capable of treating resistance mutation should be added promptly.