Amblyopia is a developmental disease, and it is known that there are more than 300 million children in China, of which the prevalence of childhood amblyopia is 2.8%. In other words, there are about 10 million children who are amblyopic. So why do children get amblyopia? What should I do about pediatric amblyopia? Understanding Refractive Parameters Amblyopia is usually defined as a condition in which the eye has no significant organic pathology and the corrected visual acuity is lower than that of a normal child of the same age. Amblyopia is a developmental process of the visual system that is disturbed, impaired and inhibited by certain factors, resulting in insufficient effective stimulation of visual cells and impaired development and deprivation of visual function. For example, when a child has strabismus, the development of visual function in the strabismic eye is inhibited to form strabismic amblyopia. Congenital hyperopia or early birth hyperopia or astigmatism, due to the high degree and blurred image, also cause the inhibition of visual development. Refractive aberrations in both eyes are more likely to cause amblyopia, especially in hyperopic refractive aberrations, where the eye with the lower degree of refractive error provides a relatively clear retinal image and the brain selects the image of that eye and suppresses the blurred image of the eye with the higher degree of refractive error, resulting in amblyopia in that eye. Remember to screen regularly Children with amblyopia usually have no complaints but are found to have abnormalities during visual acuity tests, so early screening is important for amblyopia detection. For children whose vision cannot be measured, we can observe them through everyday behaviors such as squinting, bringing objects closer, strabismus, refusing to block a glance, etc. Vision screening in early childhood care is a very important part of the process. If a significant difference in binocular vision is found, or if binocular vision is significantly lower than that of a child of the same age, it is recommended that the child be checked immediately at a hospital. It is generally recommended to go to a specialized hospital for screening around the age of 3. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the earlier treatment can be started and the best results can be achieved. Since children’s vision is in the process of continuous development and their refractive status is constantly changing, regular follow-up is usually required at 3-6 months, and re-testing is required at 6-12 months, and if there are significant changes, please re-do the glasses. Elimination of binocular rivalry As most children with amblyopia have refractive error, refractive correction is first performed with suitable glasses or contact lenses. The masking method is still the main and most effective method of treating amblyopia. This can eliminate the inhibition of the amblyopic eye by the dominant eye in the competition between the two eyes, force the amblyopic eye to look at it, improve the fixation ability of the amblyopic eye and improve the visual acuity. In addition to conventional masking, the patient can be made to do some work with the amblyopic eye with fine vision according to the age and visual acuity of the amblyopic eye. Of course, there are some computerized training CDs designed according to the characteristics of children, which can increase the fun and at the same time provide spatial and temporal stimulation training for the amblyopic eye, which is much more acceptable to children.