The existing literature proves that as early as 2200 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the names “hemorrhoids” and “fistulas” already appeared in China, and it was recorded in Su Wen (Su Wen) and Qi Tong Tian Lun that In the Su Wen Tong Tian Lun, it is written that “the tendons and veins are unraveled and the intestinal fetish is hemorrhoids”, which is the first time in the world that the etiology of hemorrhoids is presented. In ancient times, there were more than ten kinds of methods to treat hemorrhoids, such as internal treatment, external treatment, withering hemorrhoids, ligature, fumigation, patching, acupuncture, and guiding. In 1973, the “method of tying hemorrhoids” in the silk book excavated from the Mawangdui Han tomb in Changsha was the earliest record of treating hemorrhoids with ligatures in the world, and it has been used to this day. In the Ming dynasty, Xu Chunfu’s “Ancient and Modern Medical System” made an insightful discussion on the hanging wire therapy for anal fistula, “Use the grass to explore a hole, lead the wire to tie the intestine, and hang the lead hammer outside, the medicine wire will go down, the intestinal muscle will grow with it, the water will flow by the wire, and the goose tube will disappear”, which successfully solved the problem of anal incontinence that may be caused by high anal fistula after surgery. The enema technique commonly used in modern clinical practice was already invented by Zhang Zhongjing in the “Treatise on Typhoid” in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the Party’s TCM policy, the cause of TCM anorectal specialties has been rapidly developed, and TCM hospitals were built and hemorrhoid departments (anorectal departments) were set up in many cities in the early years of the founding of the country, inheriting the valuable heritage of TCM anorectal pathology on the one hand, and absorbing the length of Western medicine on the other, the development of TCM anorectal disciplines in China has attracted the attention of the international medical community. The academic exchanges between TCM anorectal specialties and foreign countries are getting deeper and deeper, in recent years, our anorectal discipline has formed a formation with Chinese characteristics, combining Chinese medicine, Chinese and Western medicine, and Western medicine to assist in the battle, we will continue to work hard and make greater contributions to the health of mankind.