1.We often see children in our outpatient clinic who come in because of blinking, what are they suffering from? A: Blinking is very common in our ophthalmology clinic. Because children lack the ability to express themselves subjectively, it is difficult for them to say clearly that they are itchy or in pain when they have eye discomfort, and what parents notice is that their children are blinking their eyes. However, there are many causes of blinking, such as infectious conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, dry eye, hyperactivity disorder and so on can be manifested as blinking. 2.How can we tell what causes blinking? A: There are four most common types of blinking. The first category, infectious conjunctivitis, mainly bacterial or viral infections, often accompanied by colds, pneumonia and other systemic diseases, the child will have symptoms of eye redness, photophobia, excessive yellow discharge, tearing, sensitive to antibiotics or antiviral drugs. Generally, the duration of bacterial infections is about 1 week, and the duration of viral infections is 2-3 weeks longer. The second category, allergic conjunctivitis, is mostly seen in children with allergies, manifested by blinking, itchy eyes, itchy nose, and skin allergy symptoms. The third category, dry eye syndrome, is now more popular in school-age children, also called video terminal syndrome, mainly related to excessive use of computers and such videos. There is also a category of ADHD, in the blinking at the same time, sometimes there will be mouth and nose twitching, poor concentration, poor learning and other problems, is the need for neurological treatment. 3.Infectious conjunctivitis, red eye this I know, what is the manifestation of allergic conjunctivitis? A: With the change of our surrounding environment, allergy is more and more people, and this kind of constitution is hereditary. Children with allergic conjunctivitis will have blinking that worsens with the seasons, rubbing of the eyes and sometimes the nose, and coughing for a long time after a cold has been cured, which is actually a kind of allergy. This is a form of allergy, because allergens affect all mucous tissues, including the conjunctiva of the eye, the nasal mucosa, and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. In a child with chronic allergic conjunctivitis, you will notice that his sclera, or white eyes, are yellow and dirty instead of the porcelain white or bluish color of other children. And at a young age, there will be two dark circles under the eyes, which are caused by the inflammatory irritation of allergic conjunctivitis and poor circulation around the eyelids. Some allergic conjunctivitis is also manifested in the evening blinking aggravation, there will be white sticky secretions, which can also help us diagnose. 4. Is allergic conjunctivitis incurable? A: Allergic conjunctivitis is difficult to be cured by medication because it is determined by individual constitution. It tends to be heaviest during the child’s adolescence. The principle of medication is to use it when there are symptoms and stop when there are no symptoms. Simple anti-allergic eye medications are free of toxic side effects, such as Advil, Emetin, Alomay, Patanol, etc. If the symptoms are more severe, you can use oral anti-allergy drugs, or topical short-term application of hormones. Of course, be aware of the side effects of hormones. To tell you a good preventive method, if your child has an attack in April every year, you can use Alomay eye drops half a month earlier in mid-March to stabilize the mast cells and reduce the symptoms during the attack. However, if an attack has already occurred it is necessary to use it in combination with the histamine antagonist emetine, and the effect will be better. 5. How is dry eye diagnosed? A: Dry eye is diagnosed in children, mainly through tear secretion tests. Treatment requires reducing eye use and using artificial tears eye drops. In severe cases of dry eye, if accompanied by dry mouth and dry skin, it is necessary to go to the connective tissue department except dry syndrome. 6.If the above treatment and diagnosis are not suitable for the child, is it ADHD? A: At present, the incidence of ADHD is also on the rise. Children with ADHD will have uncontrollable blinking, squeezing of the eyes, vertical nose, clearing of the throat, shaking of the shoulders, etc., and they will not be able to concentrate, and it is difficult to concentrate on one thing, and sometimes the symptoms are related to the emotions. In the case that the eye examination is really not a problem, it is important to consider ADHD in children. At present, it can be treated in neurology, Chinese medicine, and psychology.