Influenza in children
1.School-age children and adolescents: show a typical cold similar to adults, with very rapid onset.
2, there will be fever (39-40 ℃) muscle aches, chills, headache, flushed face, body discomfort, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis.
3.Type B cold: The symptoms of the eyes and nose are more obvious, while the systemic symptoms are less obvious.
4.When there is no complication, the white blood cells are mostly normal.
5.In younger children, the clinical variation is greater.
6.Usually there is obvious fever, moderate rhinitis with watery nasal discharge, sometimes febrile convulsions, diarrhea, otitis media, and rash.
7. It can cause laryngeal, tracheal and bronchitis, fine bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.
Epidemiology
1.Infectious source: Influenza patients and latent infected persons are the main infectious source. Infectious 1~7 days after the onset of the disease, the most infectious 2~3 days at the beginning of the disease. Pigs, cattle, horses and other animals may spread influenza.
2, the transmission route: air droplet transmission is the main, the influenza virus in the air about half an hour to survive contaminated daily necessities
3.Susceptible people: Generally susceptible, and have a certain degree of immunity after the disease. There is no cross-immunity between the three types of influenza and different subtypes of influenza A, and the disease can recur.
4.Epidemic characteristics.
(1) Epidemic characteristics: sudden onset, rapid spread, 2-3 weeks to peak, high incidence, short epidemic period, about 6-8 weeks, often spread along the traffic routes.
(2) the general rule; first urban then rural, first collective units, then scattered residents.
Influenza A: It often causes outbreak pandemic, or even world pandemic, with a small pandemic occurring once in about 2~3 years, and according to the analysis of 4 pandemics that have occurred in the world, a pandemic generally occurs once in 10~15 years.
Influenza B is an outbreak or a small pandemic, and C has been mainly disseminated.
(3) Epidemic season; can occur in all seasons, mainly in winter and spring. Influenza epidemic can be seen in summer and autumn in the south.
Treatment
(1) General symptomatic treatment
Rest in bed, drink more water, give liquid or fluid diet, appropriate nutrition, vitamin supplementation, rinse mouth with warm water or warm salt water after eating, keep mouth and nose clean, give anti-infection treatment when systemic symptoms are obvious.
(2) Early application of antiviral therapy
1, can reduce the amount of virus detoxification, inhibit virus replication, reduce clinical symptoms, and prevent the spread of virus to the lower respiratory tract leading to pneumonia and other complications.
2.Drugs
(1) Amantadine is an M2 ion blocker, which can block virus adsorption on sensitive cells and inhibit virus replication, and is effective for influenza A. It is effective for influenza A. The drug is effective within 48h of the onset of the disease. Side effects: dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia and other neurological symptoms.
(2) Methylamantadine dosage: 100-200mg/day, usage: divided into 2 oral doses, its antiviral activity is 2-4 times higher than that of amantadine, and has fewer neurological side effects.
3. Precautions: Pregnant women, people with neurological or psychiatric abnormalities, or those with severely impaired liver or kidney function are prohibited, and these two drugs are prone to drug resistance.
(C) Prevention and treatment of various complications
(iv) Chinese medicine treatment
Preventive measures
(a) Control and treatment of infectious sources
Early detection, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment
Respiratory isolation for 1 week or until the main symptoms disappear
(2) Cut off the transmission route
1, during the epidemic period, avoid gatherings or collective recreational activities, the elderly, young, sick and disabled susceptible to less public places, pay attention to ventilation, disinfection of public places when necessary
2, medical and nursing staff to wear masks, hand washing, to prevent cross-infection
3. Patient utensils and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected
(C) Vaccine prevention
Inactivated vaccine: the effect is better, and the vaccination targets are the elderly, children, patients with serious chronic diseases, people with low immunity and those who may be in close contact with patients; the vaccination time is October to mid-November every year, and the vaccination is given once a year, and effective antibodies can be produced in 2 weeks. Contraindicated in the following cases: people allergic to eggs; patients with acute infectious diseases, psychiatric patients, early pregnancy, and infants under 6 months of age.
Live attenuated vaccine: inoculation by nasal spray method
(iv) Drug prophylaxis
For susceptible persons who are likely to be infected but have not developed the disease, amantadine 100mg/orally, 2 times/day for 10-14 days; has a preventive effect on influenza A, but not on influenza B.
Several common small measures to prevent influenza: 1. open windows and ventilate indoor frequently to keep the air fresh. 2. go to crowded public places less often to avoid getting infected with influenza virus. 3. strengthen outdoor physical exercise to improve the body’s ability to resist diseases. 4. pay attention to adding and subtracting clothes in the changing climate in autumn and winter. 5. drink more boiled water and eat more light food. 6. get influenza vaccination.