Hashimoto’s disease is a chronic thyroid disease with insidious onset, named after the Japanese scholar Hashimoto Ce. It is a common disease in women of childbearing age, but it is difficult to diagnose in general hospitals due to conditions, so many physicians also lack understanding of the disease, and the public knows little about it. When a specialist gives a diagnosis of the disease, patients often look stunned, thinking they have some strange disease, but when it is explained that the disease accounts for about 1/4 to 1/3 of the outpatient visits to thyroid specialists, they look relieved. Hashimoto’s disease is a typical autoimmune disease, is due to a variety of reasons leading to disruption of the body’s immune system, the body produced against its own thyroid toxic substances —- autoantibodies, resulting in destruction of thyroid follicular cells, this destruction is generally chronic progressive, but also in the form of a temporary violent storm, and eventually the thyroid failure and hypothyroidism. Hashimoto’s disease has a marked genetic predisposition, and often its close relatives are also affected, such as their children, or their parents, or their siblings. Hashimoto’s disease can vary in severity and severity. In mild cases, the thyroid gland may be asymptomatic, but on examination it may be enlarged, especially in the isthmus, with a tough, uneven texture. In severe cases, the symptoms may be temporary hyperthyroidism or marked hypothyroidism, including weight loss, panic attacks or weight gain, coldness, weakness, unresponsiveness, and rough skin. Clinical diagnosis can be made by examining thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, release test or thyroid ultrasound, thyroid scan and, if necessary, thyroid aspiration for histological and cytological diagnosis. Hashimoto’s disease can exist alone or in association with other diseases, such as Hashimoto’s disease with benign and malignant thyroid tumors, Hashimoto’s disease with Graves’ hyperthyroidism, and Hashimoto’s disease combined with rheumatoid. Hashimoto’s disease with mild or normal thyroid function should be treated with a low iodine diet, i.e. no seafood, to avoid aggravating the autoimmune disorder in the body and accelerating its progress. Hashimoto’s disease can eventually lead to hypothyroidism, and the majority of patients need to take oral thyroxine for life. Hashimoto’s disease does not usually require surgery, but surgery is required when there is a combination or suspicion of a malignant thyroid tumor or when the thyroid gland is too enlarged with significant compression symptoms. Finally, it should be noted that Hashimoto’s disease prefers women of childbearing age. If you are diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease, you should monitor your thyroid function closely before, during and after pregnancy, and intervene medically if necessary, otherwise your fertility may be affected.