The thyroid gland in general requires a certain amount of iodine every day to produce physiologically active thyroxine. When iodine is deficient, the thyroid cells cannot synthesize enough thyroxine, which can lead to hypertrophy and enlargement of the thyroid gland. There are many classifications of goiter, and its severity is analyzed according to the type and cause. The causes of goiter can be divided into physiological and pathological. Among them, physiological goiter can occur when the demand for thyroid hormones increases in women during puberty, pregnancy and menopause, but the degree is mild and can mostly subside on its own. In this case, no medication or surgery is needed, and women should eat more iodine-rich foods. For nodular goiter, in some cases the nodules may become malignant, with hard nodules and even enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. If it is malignant, total thyroidectomy should be performed. Simple goiter, on the other hand, is a non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic disease with only an enlarged thyroid gland and no functional changes in the thyroid gland, also known as a non-toxic goiter. However, when the thyroid gland enlarges rapidly, it can compress the surrounding tissues and organs, and compression symptoms can occur. When the trachea is compressed, dyspnea may occur; when the esophagus is compressed, dysphagia may occur. Therefore, there is no need to worry too much about physiological goiter, but when pathological goiter occurs, it is necessary to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.