Hashimoto’s disease is an alias for chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, which was first discovered by a Japanese man, Czer Hashimoto, and thus the medical community named it after him. The incidence has increased rapidly in recent years and has been reported to be similar to that of hyperthyroidism. Unrelenting fatigue and goiter are the relatively prominent clinical manifestations. It is usually painless, slow to develop, and may also have light pressure pain; nodules may be present on the surface. In middle-aged women with diffuse goiter, especially when accompanied by conus lobe enlargement, the disease should be suspected, regardless of thyroid function. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may have hyperthyroidism, normal thyroid function, or may present as hypofunction. The first consideration is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis when there is no drug factor for the change from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels are among the gold indicators for detecting Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, especially in those with increased serum TSH levels. However, some patients require multiple tests to detect increased antibody titers, while others have consistently low titers of anti-thyroid antibodies. Therefore, fine needle aspiration or surgical biopsy for pathological examination should be considered if necessary. Treatment of Hashimoto’s disease Normally, the normal tissues and organs of the body are protected from destruction by immune function. In patients with chronic lymphatic thyroiditis, the body produces substances that can destroy thyroid tissue due to immune dysfunction. These substances include thyroid autoantibodies such as thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Higher antibodies suggest that the autoimmunity may be more intense and that the thyroid gland is in a destructive stage. If thyroid function is normal, follow-up is the main measure in the management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is generally recommended to follow up every 3 months to 6 months, mainly to check thyroid function and, if necessary, to perform thyroid ultrasonography; in case of hypothyroidism or obvious subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement therapy must be used. The goal of treatment is to restore serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels to the normal range. Adequate amounts of thyroid preparations are effective for suppressing TSH and receding goiter; combined with hyperthyroidism, propranolol is given for mild cases, and small doses of antithyroid drugs are given for moderate and severe cases; pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids are effective when Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland with symptoms of compression. At this time glucocorticoids can only be used short-term, long-term use of its side effects will exceed the efficacy; Hashimoto’s disease combined with nodules need to pay attention to determine the nature of the nodules, such as nodules are still small, it is recommended that regular ultrasound review, the first time is 3 months review. If the patient has concerns, needle aspiration biopsy with cytology can be performed, and if the diagnosis is still unclear, surgical excision can be performed. The incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis combined with thyroid cancer, especially papillary thyroid cancer, has been on the rise in recent years. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may be one of the high-risk factors for the development of thyroid cancer. For women with known positive TPOAb before pregnancy, thyroid function must be checked to confirm normal thyroid function before pregnancy; thyroid function should be reviewed regularly during pregnancy and L-T4 treatment should be given immediately in case of hypothyroidism or low T4emia, otherwise it will lead to insufficient supply of thyroid hormones to the fetus and affect its neurodevelopment. For women with positive TPOAb with clinical hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism before pregnancy, thyroid function must be corrected to normal before pregnancy.