Papillary thyroid cancer, the most common type of thyroid cancer, is an endocrine malignancy and is classified as a cancer. It accounts for approximately 70% – 90% of all thyroid cancers and is most commonly seen in women aged 30-45 years. For history of radiation exposure, inappropriate iodine intake, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, hormones and family history are all possible risk factors for thyroid cancer. Lymphocytic infiltration is usually seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma, a phenomenon that may suggest the possible involvement of immune factors in the development of malignancy. Patients with no clinically palpable lymph nodes have lymph node metastasis in 46% – 72% of cases after selective neck dissection. Most cases present early as isolated solid nodules in the anterior neck area without obvious pain, so some patients present with enlarged lymph nodes and the swelling in the thyroid gland may have been there for months or years. Papillary carcinoma has a low degree of malignancy and is usually a solitary lesion. On palpation, the thyroid is a solitary nodule with a firm texture and distinct boundaries compared to the surrounding tissue. When the mass rapidly enlarges and infiltrates, it can produce various compression symptoms, such as compression of the trachea to displace the trachea, and there will be different degrees of respiratory impairment symptoms. In the absence of lymph node metastasis, it is difficult to determine the nature of the thyroid swelling. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland should be performed before treatment, and if necessary, puncture biopsy should be performed to clarify the diagnosis. Depending on the condition, the choice of nuclear scan, CT, etc. should be made to clarify the extent of the lesion and the degree of impairment of thyroid function. For its treatment there are surgery, radiation and medication, with surgery and medication being the main treatments. In summary, if you are unwell, you need to seek medical treatment promptly.