Syncope is a common neurological symptom, which is a sudden impairment of consciousness caused by a sudden decrease in cerebral blood flow, accompanied by vegetative symptoms such as cold sweats, palpitations, abdominal distention, dysphonia, and bowel movements. Syncopal episodes are usually very short, and consciousness can be regained in a few seconds or 10 seconds. Only a very small number of long episodes are accompanied by twitching of the extremities. Syncope can occur in both young and old people, but the causes are different. The former is mostly due to dysfunction of the vegetative nerves, such as sympathetic under-excitation or vagal over-excitation, and therefore occurs on specific occasions, such as strong emotional stimulation, confined spaces with poor air circulation, holding urine for too long, or when strenuous exercise suddenly stops. The occurrence of the latter is much more complicated, often related to the aging function of the body’s organs, metabolic abnormalities, many primary diseases, and therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned, there are some easy to occur as follows: 1. Severe arrhythmia of the heart rate. The cardiovascular system has begun to age to varying degrees after entering old age, such as atherosclerosis and stenosis of large arteries; myocardial fibrosis and contractile weakness; conduction block due to conduction fiber hypofunction; sinus node abnormalities causing rhythm disturbance or even arrest. This type of syncope is usually more dangerous, if not treated in time will be life-threatening, is the main cause of sudden death, the time of recovery of consciousness depends on the time of recovery of normal heart rhythm or heartbeat recovery. 2. Postural hypotension. It often occurs in elderly people with multisystem atrophy or hypertension taking medication. Multisystem atrophy is a slowly developing degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which in its late stages can affect the ability of the centers of the vegetative nervous system to regulate blood pressure, especially in response to a stressful state, and cannot regulate blood pressure well. This makes the patient unable to adjust the blood pressure to improve in time during the process of changing the posture from sitting to standing, and affects the effective blood supply to the brain. Usually these patients also have Parkinson’s-like symptoms, diminished intelligence, urinary and bowel disorders, impotence or hypoadrenalism. Patients taking antihypertensive drugs sometimes have an overdose, which can also cause postural hypotension. 3. Squeezing of the neck. It often occurs in some elderly people who usually pay attention to the appearance of clothing and like to wear hard collar, high collar and other bunch collar clothing. This is because there is a common carotid artery and its branches in the neck, and at the bifurcation of the blood vessels there is a structure called “carotid sinus” that feels pressure. It also becomes hypersensitive to pressure changes due to loss of elasticity in old age, and when it is squeezed by corseted clothing, it sends the wrong message to the brain that “blood pressure is too high”, causing the blood vessels to dilate and cerebral blood flow to drop. This type occurs when the patient turns his neck, leans back or lowers his head, but he usually regains consciousness soon after the fall. 4. Hypoglycemic. This type often occurs within the elderly population with a history of hunger, diarrhea and diabetes. Insufficient glucose intake or overuse of hypoglycemic drugs due to the above-mentioned reasons can cause a decrease in blood glucose and syncope in the brain due to lack of sufficient metabolic energy support. The syncope occurs mostly in the early morning and before meals, and is accompanied by sweating, weakness, accelerated heartbeat and other symptoms of hyperactive plant reflexes. 5.Heatstroke. Also known as heat shock, it often occurs in summer. Because of the elderly’s own ability to regulate body temperature is reduced, if exposed to high heat and humidity for a long time, the thermoregulatory center can not let the excess heat in the body through sweating, skin heat transfer, syncope will occur, if not handled well or in a timely manner will be life-threatening. For the elderly, the occurrence of syncope is often irregular and unpreventable. Therefore, the danger is also greater, the lighter is only dizziness, the more serious is to fall head bleeding, so can not be taken lightly. Generally, after the first syncope occurs, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to investigate the cause, make a clear diagnosis, and get the correct treatment and prevention guidance. Since the elderly are insensitive to minor physical discomfort and often mistaken for good health, it is easy to cover up the early manifestations of some diseases, which is very dangerous. For the prevention of syncope, it is still recommended that first of all, we should insist on exercising to enhance physical fitness; we should develop the habit of scientific planning of daily work and rest and regular life; we should learn simple self-care skills such as measuring blood pressure, blood sugar and pulse, and regularly understand the values of these vital indicators to guide ourselves to use antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs and related medicines correctly. Promote a scientific diet, dress comfortably and loosely, and be sure to watch the weather when you go out and do not engage in physical activities under the hot sun for too long. In addition, it is important to develop the good habit of going to the hospital for regular check-ups every year. There is no specific medicine for syncope in general, but those with a primary cause must be treated actively. Especially for heart problems, if repeated syncope occurs several times, consider installing a pacemaker. Elderly people taking hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs should frequently check their blood sugar and blood pressure and adjust their dose in time to prevent syncope caused by overdose. Do not be alarmed by the occurrence of syncope. If accompanied by someone, try not to move the patient at will, but generally help him/her lie down in place to relieve it. For fainting caused by heart disease, call 120 or 999 as soon as possible to send to the hospital; for heat stroke syncope, just put the patient in a cool and ventilated place; for hypoglycemic syncope, can be handled by feeding sugar water, eat dry food. In an emergency, you can also wake up by stimulating the human middle or Hegu, etc. Of course, it is best to go to the hospital in time to avoid delaying the condition.