The antibiotic abuse is not only overuse, but also unregulated use to be precise. The antimicrobial drugs that should be used must be used, and those that should not be used must not be used, and the most taboo is “gentle cut”. When Dr. Zheng Bo, chief physician of the anti-infection department at Peking University First Hospital, was out in clinic, several patients came to ask if they were infected with superbugs. The actual fact is that you can find a number of anti-inflammatory drugs such as cefradine and levofloxacin hydrochloride, but they are not good enough. Zheng Bo said, in fact, these patients are not infected with superbugs. The superbug is scary because of its drug resistance, said Li Juan, deputy director of the bacterial resistance unit at the CDC’s Institute of Infectious Diseases. Bacterial resistance refers to the ability of the strain to survive or grow at higher concentrations of antibiotic doses, and the concentrations reached by the therapeutic doses of antibiotics do not inhibit or kill it, thus rendering clinical treatment ineffective, and the patient will develop high fever, seizures, coma or even death due to the severe infection. What is scary about this bacterium is not its ability to kill people, but its resistance to antibiotics. For some types of drug-resistant bacteria, humans are already facing the dilemma of having no drugs available. The World Health Organization warned in 2011 that the rate of antibiotic use among hospitalized patients in China was as high as 70 percent, far higher than the international level of 30 percent. If antibiotic abuse is not curbed, it will not only be a disaster for China, but may lead to a global disaster. In 2005, China established the National Bacterial Drug Resistance Monitoring Network and the Antibacterial Drug Application Monitoring Network. About 150 hospitals across the country have joined the Bacterial Resistance Monitoring Network. From the monitoring results, the situation of bacterial drug resistance in China is serious, and the rate of drug resistance of some bacteria is much higher than that of developed countries. In the past 10 years, the problem of Gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria has become increasingly serious, among which Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae have the most serious drug resistance, making clinical treatment difficult and mortality high. Bacterial resistance is due to antibiotic abuse. If antibiotics are not abused, will drug resistance develop? The answer to this is yes from Professor Xiao Yonghong, deputy head of the antibacterial drug group of the National Expert Committee on Rational Drug Use and deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment at the First Hospital of Zhejiang University. He said that the rational use of antibiotics will not produce drug resistance. Because of the fear of developing drug resistance, some people treat antibiotics as a flooding beast and even refuse to use them. A parent resolutely resisted the use of antibiotics, despite the child’s bacterial infection has been very serious, but still insisted that the child “carry over”, which delayed the treatment time, bringing unnecessary harm to the child’s body. The best thing to do is to use antibiotics to kill your child, and the most important thing to avoid is to be gentle. The antibiotic use indications, the use of dose, dosage, dosage form, frequency, use cycle, etc., all have strict rules. Failure to follow these rules can also result in the development of drug-resistant bacteria. It is not right to use more antibiotics, nor is it right to use less. The key to personal use of antibiotics is to regulate their use, strictly in accordance with medical advice, and not to change the dosage, frequency and duration of use to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. ”The antibacterial drugs that should be used must be used, and those that should not be used must not be used.” Zheng Bo stressed that the use of antibacterial drugs must be administered under the guidance of a professional doctor, rather than trusting the experience of non-professionals. The spread of bacterial resistance makes it difficult to escape ● Individuals who do not abuse antibiotics can only avoid the development of drug-resistant bacteria in their own bodies, but they cannot avoid drug-resistant bacteria in the environment, and healthy people may be directly infected with drug-resistant bacteria. It is necessary for the whole society to work together to prevent and control bacterial drug resistance, everyone for me, me for everyone Huang Da Ma is 65 years old, lives in Baoding, Hebei, and goes to square dance twice a day in the morning and evening. She eats well, sleeps well and has great health, and almost never gets sick and takes medicine. The bacteria resistant people like her are not expected to be involved. And the first global antibiotic resistance surveillance report published by the World Health Organization some time ago made her sit up a bit. The report covers antibiotic treatment surveillance data from 114 countries worldwide and is the most comprehensive report on bacterial resistance to date. The report notes that anyone of all ages in all countries can be hit by antibiotic resistance, posing a major public health threat with potentially “devastating” consequences. The world is moving toward a “post-antibiotic era” in which common and mild infections that have been curable for decades may once again kill people. In the face of a shockwave of drug-resistant bacteria, will Huang’s mother, who does not abuse antibiotics, be safe? ”People don’t live in a vacuum.” Xiao Yonghong said, do not abuse antibiotics, just their own body can avoid the production of drug-resistant bacteria, but can not avoid the environment of drug-resistant bacteria. There are in the meat of the animals you eat because farmed animals use excessive antibiotics; there are in the skin of the vegetables you eat because the growing soil is contaminated; other people you come in contact with may carry drug-resistant bacteria …… drug-resistant bacteria are everywhere. Zheng Bo said that the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria is a bit like vaccination. Although you yourself are vaccinated, those around you are not, forming no immune barrier and no herd effect. The drug-resistant bacteria will still spread and mutate in the population and eventually infect healthy people. To manage drug-resistant bacteria, we need to practice herd protection. We are responsible for ourselves as well as for everyone, and no one can escape from it. After the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, healthy people may be directly infected with drug-resistant bacteria. Just like TB patients, new TB patients are infected with multidrug-resistant TB bacteria. The rational use of antimicrobial drugs has become one of the most important public health issues worldwide today. Li Juan emphasized that drug-resistant bacteria spread in the same way as other bacteria, with no special characteristics. Although super drug-resistant bacteria are currently concentrated in hospitals, the risk of spreading from hospitals to the community does exist. More than 10 years ago, our E. coli (a class of drug-resistant E. coli carrying super-spectrum β-lactamases) was mainly concentrated in hospitals. In contrast, according to recent literature, there is no longer a significant difference in detection rates between hospitals and the community. Convenient transportation and frequent population movements also facilitate the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. The NDM-1 superbug, for example, was first discovered in India in 2009 and spread rapidly to five continents by 2011. Li Juan said that the spread of drug-resistant bacteria is a public health event, and individuals cannot stay out of it. It is necessary for the whole society to work together to prevent and control the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, everyone for me, me for everyone, especially the relevant departments should do a good job of monitoring drug resistance and developing preventive and control measures to slow down and stop the production and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. There is no need to talk about drug-resistant bacteria ● Drug-resistant bacteria do not have special pathogenic power compared to common sensitive bacteria. Usually, a healthy person with normal resistance will not be easily infected after Zheng Bo sees a patient, he always washes his hands and disinfects. The patient said, “Is the doctor too dirty to wash his hands after seeing the patient? He said that this is to take care of the patients and avoid cross-infection and nosocomial transmission between patients. Drug-resistant bacteria are generally not spread through the air, but mostly through contact. Zheng Bo suggests it’s best to go to hospitals less often, especially big ones, to reduce the chance of infection. These are the places where the most drug-resistant bacteria exist. Many people do not pay attention to hand hygiene when they go to the hospital, touching random items in the hospital and not washing their hands after leaving the hospital, which increases the chances of infection and spreads easily to others. Xiao Yonghong see patients, many patients usually antibiotics have been used to the highest level. The actual antibiotics are the best way to get rid of the impression that antibiotics are the “cure-all” in the minds of the people. The antibiotics can not play a role in preventing the infection, and can not kill the virus. The people should be guided to use the medicine reasonably and say goodbye to antibiotic dependence. The key to the abuse of antibiotics is to control the hands of doctors. The company’s main goal is to provide a comprehensive range of products and services to the public. The use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical wounds has dropped from 80-90% in the past to about 30% now. But drug-resistant bacteria management is a long-term arduous process. ”For the general Chinese population, there is no need to talk about drug-resistant bacteria.” Li Juan stressed that drug-resistant bacteria do not have special pathogenic power compared to ordinary sensitive bacteria. Usually, a healthy person with normal resistance does not easily get infected with drug-resistant bacteria. By paying attention to opening windows and ventilation in daily life, paying attention to personal hygiene, washing hands regularly and exercising to improve resistance, you can effectively avoid infections from drug-resistant bacteria. For the increasingly serious bacterial drug resistance, the cost of developing new drugs is very high. Zheng Bo suggested that while developing new antibacterial drugs, attention should be paid to the rational use of old drugs. Furantoin is an effective drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections, only about 4 yuan per hundred tablets, drug companies are reluctant to produce, companies are reluctant to distribute, inexpensive antibacterial drugs have been difficult to find in hospitals. He believes that in the health care reform, to increase the support of inexpensive antibacterial drugs, so that these classic old drugs have a reasonable profit margin, in response to the process of drug-resistant bacteria, so that the classic old drugs have a place. Li Juan suggested strengthening the use and management of clinical antibiotics, using antibacterial drugs in strict accordance with the indications and treatment norms for bacterial infections, and eliminating the private purchase and use of antibacterial drugs without prescription. Reduce and regulate the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Antibiotics for animals and humans should be different, used for humans as much as possible not for animals. Reduce environmental residues of antibiotics. Unscrupulous pharmaceutical companies still discharge wastewater containing antibiotics directly into the environment, and environmental protection departments need to do a better job of managing this as well.