HPV is a more common pathogen of sexually transmitted diseases in gynecology, which is divided into high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV, of which 15 high-risk HPV types have been confirmed to be closely related to cervical cancer, among which HPV16 and HPV18 are the high-risk subtypes for the development of cervical cancer in Chinese women; in addition, low-risk HPV is mainly associated with benign warts such as genital condyloma, of which condyloma is mainly caused by HPV6 and HPV11 are also associated with HPV6 and HPV11 in children with laryngeal papilloma, conjunctival papilloma and genital warts. In recent years, the incidence of HPV infection has increased significantly, and the incidence of HPV infection during pregnancy has been inconsistently reported in different literature, ranging from 5.4% to 68.8%, so it is controversial whether the susceptibility to HPV increases during pregnancy. It has also been reported in the literature that women of reproductive age with previous HPV infection have a higher than normal incidence of re-infection with HPV during pregnancy, even after pregnancy after cure. Due to the abundant blood flow in the external pelvic genitalia during pregnancy, the placenta secretes large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, progesterone, and placental lactogen, which suppress the immune response and cause the mother to develop immune tolerance or immune response unresponsiveness, and the fetus can also produce large amounts of embryonic antigens during intrauterine development to suppress the maternal immune response. As a result, the mother’s ability to resist viral infection is reduced. In addition, HPV replication is active during pregnancy and vaginal secretions increase, which is conducive to HPV growth, so HPV infection is more active during pregnancy than during non-pregnancy, and multiple, giant lower genital tract warts may appear. Usually, shrinkage or regression of warts and disappearance of cytologic changes are seen after delivery. High-risk HPV infection has not been reported in the literature to cause neonatal malformations, clinical morbidity, or infection, whereas low-risk HPV infection, especially HPV6 and 11, has the potential to cause neonatal respiratory papillomatosis due to vertical transmission. It has been pointed out that genital tract acromegaly during pregnancy is a high-risk factor for neonatal respiratory papillomatosis, and the incidence of neonatal respiratory papillomatosis is more than 200 times higher than that of pregnant women without HPV infection. However, it has also been suggested that vaginal delivery in pregnant women with lower genital tract acromegaly does not necessarily infect the newborn and lead to the development of neonatal respiratory papillomatosis, and that premature rupture of membranes or certain manipulations during delivery are not associated with the development of neonatal respiratory papillomatosis. It has been documented that HPV can be detected in peripheral blood, amniotic fluid, placenta, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord blood of pregnant women with acromegaly, so that cesarean delivery does not prevent 100% of neonatal respiratory papillomatosis, but may reduce its incidence to some extent. It has also been suggested that the mode of delivery does not correlate with neonatal HPV infection. In the literature, the incidence of neonatal respiratory papillomatosis due to HPV infection of the genital tract during pregnancy is low, and HPV infection of the genital tract during pregnancy is not an indication for cesarean delivery, although cesarean delivery may be performed to terminate a pregnancy if multiple, large warty growths in the genital tract obstruct the birth canal. Some studies have shown that HPV vaccination, which has been administered before pregnancy, has no blocking effect on the vertical transmission of the virus from mother to child. Although HPV infection during pregnancy has relatively little impact on the prognosis of newborns, and HPV testing is not included as a mandatory test in China’s Preconception and Pregnancy Care Guidelines (2012), HPV infection is very harmful to women and can seriously cause cervical cancer, and various social reasons make high-risk factors for HPV infection increasingly common. It is recommended that in addition to normal regular cervical cancer screening, HPV testing should be performed prior to planned pregnancy so that abnormalities can be treated in a timely manner to avoid the impact of pregnancy on the interpretation of test results and the limitations of certain treatments during this special period. Although the incidence of HPV infection during pregnancy has been reported in the literature, and some experts even believe that the incidence of HPV infection is higher in pregnancy than in non-pregnancy, and the incidence of HPV infection is significantly higher in late pregnancy, it is not recommended that pregnant women who have been tested for HPV before pregnancy should be tested again during pregnancy because some HPV infections during pregnancy naturally turn negative after delivery, and positive test results during pregnancy have less significance for clinical treatment. It is not recommended that pregnant women who have been tested for HPV before pregnancy be tested again during pregnancy. For pregnant women, the risk of HPV infection during pregnancy should be reduced by avoiding the occurrence of high-risk factors for HPV infection.