Ulcerative colitis (UC), referred to as ulcerative colitis, was first described by Willks and Moxon in 1875, named as ulcerative colitis by Willks and Boas in 1903, and officially named as chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis by the International Organizing Committee for Medical Sciences of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1973. It is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease that mainly affects the mucosa of the colon, often starting in the left hemocolon and progressing in a continuous manner to the proximal part of the colon and even to the whole colon. The clinical symptoms vary in severity and may alternate between remission and flare-ups, and patients may have only colonic symptoms or systemic symptoms. Symptoms and signs 1, the main symptom diarrhea or constipation, the beginning of the disease symptoms are light, the surface of the stool with mucus, and then the number of stools increased, the heavier 10 to 30 times a day, the stool is often mixed with pus and blood and mucus, can be a paste-like soft stool. Blood in the stool is a common symptom, mainly due to local ischemia of the colonic mucosa and an increase in the activity of fibrinolysis. It is usually a small amount of blood in the stool, but in severe cases, it can be a large amount of blood in the stool or bloody water-like stool. Abdominal pain is mostly confined to the left lower abdomen or lower abdomen, or may be absent in mild cases, but may increase with the development of the disease and may be relieved after defecation. The posterior urgency is due to inflammatory irritation of the rectum, and there is often sacral discomfort. Indigestion often manifests as anorexia, fullness, belching, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, etc. Systemic manifestations are mostly seen in patients with acute fulminant severe disease, with fever, water-electrolyte imbalance, vitamin and protein loss, anemia, weight loss, etc. 2, physical signs left lower abdomen or whole abdomen pressure pain, can be felt in the descending colon, especially sigmoid colon in a hard tube, and pressure pain, sometimes abdominal muscle tension, anal examination can be found in the anal sphincter spasm, finger sleeve with mucus or bloody mucus secretions, rectal tenderness. II. Types It can be divided into 4 types according to clinical manifestations and processes. 1. Primary type: symptoms vary in severity, no previous history of ulcerated knots, and can be transformed into chronic recurrent type or chronic persistent type; 2. Chronic recurrent type: symptoms are milder and most common clinically, and there is often a remission period of varying length after treatment. Recurrence peaks mostly in spring and fall, and less frequently in summer. During the episodic colonoscopy, there are typical ulcerative nodal lesions, while the remission period examination only shows mild congestion and edema, and the mucosal biopsy is chronic inflammation, which can be easily mistaken for irritable bowel syndrome. Some patients may turn into chronic persistent type; 3. Chronic persistent type: After the onset of the disease, there are often persistent diarrhea of varying severity, intermittent bloody stools, abdominal pain and systemic symptoms for weeks to years, during which there may be acute attacks. This type has a wide range of lesions, progressive colonic lesions, complications, acute attacks with severe symptoms, requiring surgery; 4, acute fulminant: less reported in China, accounting for about 2.6% of ulcerated nodes, 20% of foreign reports. Most often seen in adolescents, the onset of acute, systemic and local symptoms are serious, high fever, diarrhea 20-30 times a day, more blood in the stool, can lead to anemia, dehydration and electrolyte disorders, hypoproteinemia, weakness and emaciation, and prone to toxic colon dilatation, intestinal perforation and peritonitis, often requiring emergency surgery, high mortality rate. Three, the pathogenesis of Western medicine that the cause is still unclear, as long as due to the immune mechanism Yichang City, and in genetic factors, advocate environmental related, infectious factors, mental factors may be triggering or stimulating factors. Fourth, treatment 1, rest: acute attacks and outbreak type patients should pay attention to bed rest; 2, dietary care: diet to consume high calorie, high nutrition, less fiber, less stimulation, low fat, easy to digest food; food of suspected intolerance, such as shrimp, turtle, peanuts, etc. should be avoided; milk can lead to aggravation of diarrhea, should avoid taking milk and dairy products; avoid eating chili, avoid frozen, cold food, quit smoking 3, medical consultation: patients with serious illnesses should go to a regular hospital in a timely manner and be treated under the guidance of a doctor.