The key to the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is to find the factor that triggers the pain, and once the cause is clear, the pain disappears immediately after surgery. The etiology of trigeminal neuralgia is relatively complex, as long as there are lesions in the path of the trigeminal nerve, all can cause trigeminal neuralgia, and currently trigeminal neuralgia is divided into primary and secondary according to the etiology. In addition, multiple sclerosis, arteriovenous malformation, posterior cranial sulcus malformation, focal cerebral infarction, osteomyelitis of the jaw due to odontogenic infection, etc. can cause trigeminal neuralgia, but they are relatively rare, accounting for about 3-5% of trigeminal neuralgia. Treatment is generally based on removal of the tumor, and the postoperative effect is good. Primary trigeminal neuralgia is caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve out of the cerebral cadre, that is, the root of the trigeminal nerve is compressed, and the compressing vessel is usually the tortuous growing superior cerebellar artery. The trigeminal nerve can change from round to lamellar, the nerve sheath can change from snow white to yellow, and there can be local adhesions. Through microvascular decompression surgery, the adhesions between the nerve and the blood vessel can be separated, and the compression of the nerve by the blood vessel can be released, which can relieve the pain symptoms.