How do I eat for myocardial infarction?

Patients with myocardial infarction need to pay attention to the following matters in daily life: Acute stage: within 3 days after the onset of the disease, absolute bed rest is required, and all activities (including eating) require specialized care. 1 ~ 3 days after the onset of the disease, to fluid diet, can be given a small amount of vegetable water, remove the oil filtered broth, jujube puree soup, rice soup, porridge, fruit juice, lotus root powder, oral rehydration solution. Any flatulence, stimulation solution should not be eaten, such as soybean milk, milk, strong tea, coffee and so on. The total amount of rehydration solution is about 1000~1500 ml/24 hours, divided into 5~6 feedings. Daily calories of 500~800 kcal is appropriate. Avoid overheating and overcooling to avoid arrhythmia. Sodium, potassium and magnesium in food must be taken care of. A low-salt diet is generally recommended, especially for patients with combined heart failure. However, due to acute myocardial infarction after the attack, the loss of sodium in the urine is common, so if excessive restriction of sodium, can also induce shock. Therefore, it must be adjusted appropriately according to the condition. In addition, for patients who can not be taken orally or according to the needs of the condition, supplemental extra-gastrointestinal nutrition is also available. For patients with acute myocardial infarction, as they cannot move, the function of spleen and stomach must be affected, so the food must be soft and easy to digest. Remission period: 4 days to 4 weeks after the onset of the disease. As the condition improves, it can be gradually changed to semi-fluid food, but still should be small and frequent meals. Total caloric energy may be increased to 4200~5040 kJ (1000~1200 kcal) in the late acute stage. Meals should be light, nutritious and easily digestible. Allow porridge, cereal, light milk, lean meat, fish, poultry, vegetables and fruits. Food should not be too hot or too cold, and should be eaten in small portions and frequently to keep the stomach and intestines open, in order to prevent excessive straining of the bowels. After 3 to 4 weeks, as the patient gradually resumes activities, the diet can be appropriately relaxed, but fat and cholesterol intake should still be controlled, and sodium should still be limited for patients with hypertension or chronic heart failure. Obese people should reduce their diet. Satiety (especially when eating a lot of fat) should be avoided, because it can cause myocardial infarction reoccurrence, which may be related to the postprandial increase in blood lipids, blood viscosity increases caused by slow local blood flow, platelets are easy to agglutinate and lead to thrombosis. On the other hand, the diet should not be too restrictive so as not to cause malnutrition and increase the mental burden of the patient. Recovery period: After 4 weeks after the onset of the disease, the condition is stabilized, with the increase of its activity. Generally, the daily calories can be maintained at about 1,000 to 1,200 kcal. Adequate amount of high-quality protein and vitamins are then favorable to the repair of the diseased area. Dairy protein, lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, etc. can be eaten, especially green leafy vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C food, the nature of the nature of the ease of access, it is advisable to frequent intake. Daily diet should also contain a certain amount of crude fiber to keep the bowels smooth, so as not to defecate laboriously. In addition, after the recovery period, relapse should be prevented, and its dietary principles should also include maintaining an ideal body weight, avoiding full meals, controlling fat and cholesterol intake, and preventing increased blood viscosity and platelet aggregation. Abstain from smoking and alcohol, and limit sodium if accompanied by hypertension and chronic heart failure. Pay attention to water and electrolyte balance: the amount of water in food should be considered together with the amount of drinking water and infusion, so as to adapt to the loading capacity of the heart. If the patient is accompanied by hypertension or heart failure, sodium should be restricted, but clinically it is also observed that after the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, there is a loss of sodium in the urine, so it should be adjusted according to the blood biochemical indicators. Some people study the nutritional metabolism of ischemic myocardium, that magnesium has a good protective effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy, dietary magnesium, may help to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality. The magnesium requirement for adults is 300-400 mg/day, with food sources such as colored vegetables, millet, flour, meat, and seafood. It is known that potassium has an effect on myocardial excitability, conductivity, etc. Hypokalemia is prone to arrhythmia, so attention should be paid to dietary adjustments if hypokalemia occurs. Acute myocardial infarction with cardiac insufficiency: gastrointestinal dysfunction is often present, and diet should be paid more attention. At the beginning of 1~2 days, only hot water juice, rice soup, honey water, lotus root powder and other light and liquid diet should be given. 6~7 times a day, each time 100~150 ml. If the patient’s heart rhythm disorder has improved, after the pain is reduced, you can gradually increase the diet of some lean meat, steamed egg white, thin rice porridge and so on. With the recovery of the disease, 6 weeks after the disease can be used coronary heart disease diet, but the diet still need to be soft, easy to digest. Pay attention to the dietary allocation of the high season: late autumn and winter is the season of myocardial infarction, in addition to warmth and cold prevention, should also eat more mild with the function of blood circulation and rich in nutrients, especially a variety of medicinal congee is the most appropriate. The diet of patients with old myocardial infarction can be arranged according to the diet of general coronary heart disease.