Second, the control of glasses 1, myopic children to wear glasses? A: Whether to wear glasses for myopia, you need to make a decision after integrating various factors such as refractive error, binocular balance, eye position, adjustment and collection. Generally speaking, low myopia that meets both bare eye vision of 0.6 or more and myopia of 75 degrees or less can temporarily not wear glasses, but if there is exotropia, you need to wear glasses. For medium and high myopia, wearing appropriate glasses can improve the quality of vision required for daily study, work and life. At high levels (greater than 600 degrees), the first selection of glasses does not require full correction, to tolerate the degree is appropriate, and then be fully corrected after adaptation. The principle of astigmatism correction is not to match asymptomatic astigmatism, and to try to match symptomatic astigmatism even if the degree is low. High astigmatism can be first low with, after adaptation and then adjusted. 2.Will myopia get deeper after wearing glasses? A: Some parents may hold the stereotype that “the earlier you wear glasses, the closer you wear them” and so on, and refuse to provide glasses for their children to correct. In fact, this is the blackmail, is the parents to meet their own subjective will performance, no scientific basis. Scientifically, the prescription should be based on the results of the optometry, combined with the visual acuity requirements, eye position, eye muscle movement, whether there is amblyopia and other comprehensive considerations. The previous article has introduced several major factors in the occurrence of myopia, the correct way to wear glasses under medical optometry, and will not accelerate or deepen myopia. 3.Which myopic eyes need to wear glasses frequently after prescription? A: Wearing glasses solves two problems: the actual need to see far and the need to maintain the eyes. If there is no hidden strabismus, visual fatigue, etc., then it depends on the actual need to see far: low myopia, that is, less than 300 degrees, no astigmatism, can see far wearing glasses, see near can not wear. Greater than 300 degrees of moderate to high myopia normal close reading is also owed to clear, look at the distance to wear, look at the near also need to wear. If there is already an occult strabismus, it is recommended to wear them for both distance and near. Patients with high astigmatism look far and near are not clear, need to wear glasses often. 4.How can I get a pair of accurate and comfortable myopia glasses? A: Standardized medical optometry is the key to glasses fitting. Children and adolescents should routinely dilate their pupils for optometry, and after the pupils are dilated, young children can only perform objective optometry, and after they can read the vision chart, they also need to perform subjective optometry. The advantage of subjective optometry is that it can understand the corrected visual acuity and comfort of the person being tested. During the trial period, you can walk around, including going up and down stairs, to see if there is any discomfort such as vertigo, difficulty walking, blurred vision, imbalance between the eyes, etc. If these conditions occur, you need to inform the optometrist or physician to make timely adjustments. The last thing is to match the lenses. Nowadays, most of the lenses are resin lenses, which have the advantage of being light and safe. Note that the optical performance of the lenses is the most important, including the correct prescription and the appropriate pupil distance, with a pair of satisfactory glasses is not very easy thing. 5. Why do I sometimes experience interference symptoms after wearing glasses? A: Some refractive error patients, in wearing new glasses will have different degrees of discomfort, such as dizziness, nausea, eye swelling, visual distortion and other interference symptoms, which is caused by the patient’s eyes do not adapt to the new glasses, generally after a few days or a week of wearing can adapt, the symptoms disappear. The main reasons include: the lens itself has optical defects such as spherical aberration, concave and convex lenses have a narrowing and magnifying effect, especially for first-time wearers and patients with large astigmatism, etc., may be more obvious. Of course, if the optometry error, should be promptly dealt with. 6.Myopia glasses = frame glasses? A: Myopic glasses ≠ frame glasses, it also includes corneal contact lenses (contact lenses). Even if it is frame glasses, there is not only one kind of single light glasses, there are also bifocal lenses, progressive multifocal lenses and other types. 7.What is progressive multifocal lens? A: Progressive multifocal lens, also known as PAL (Progressive Additional Lens), is a special design of lens with the optical area above the lens to see far, the optical area below to see near, and the gradual change in the middle to see the middle distance. For a small percentage (15%) of myopic children with internal obliquity and strong adjustment, progressive multifocal lenses are more comfortable and have a relatively slowing effect on the development of myopia in the long term. However, for the majority (85%) of children with emmetropia, progressive multifocal lenses are not very different from ordinary monovision lenses and may even aggravate the emmetropia. Therefore, the fitting of progressive multifocal lenses should be fully checked for eye position, binocular balance, adjustment, accommodation and other functions, and the doctor should make a comprehensive decision. 8.What types of contact lenses are there? What are the advantages of contact lenses? What is RGP? A: There are two types of contact lenses: soft and rigid. Most adults wear soft contact lenses, which are made of soft material with high water content and large diameter. The advantages are obvious: they are comfortable to wear, convenient, and meet the needs of work, activities, and socializing. Optically speaking, corneal contact lenses can also eliminate the trigeminal effect, eliminate oblique astigmatism, and reduce binocular retinal aberrations. However, it should be noted that soft lenses are prone to protein precipitation and bacterial growth on the surface, and long-term wearing of soft lenses with high water content can lead to dry eyes, and corneal neovascularization or macropapillary conjunctivitis due to hypoxia and allergy. Therefore, soft lenses are not recommended for long-term use and are generally not recommended for children. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses, also known as RGP (Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens), are the healthiest type of rigid corneal contact lenses, which have the advantages of soft lenses, but also have super high oxygen permeability, excellent optical properties, easy to clean and care for, not easy to produce dry eyes, etc., and are not easy to occur the above-mentioned soft lens-related complications, and are suitable for long-term refractive error patients. The use of RGP has become more and more popular in various countries, especially in Japan and Singapore, where RGP has become the first choice for the treatment of myopia in children and adolescents, and its role in slowing down the progression of myopia, in addition to its basic function of correcting vision, has been well recognized. Clinical work and scientific studies have proven that long-term RGP wear can relatively slow down the growth of myopia in children and adolescents whose myopia is increasing too rapidly. The reason for this may be that RGP improves the quality of retinal imaging, effectively protects the eye, and stops the further increase of the eye axis. The only disadvantage of RGP is that it is not as comfortable as soft lenses at the beginning, but you can adapt to it after 1~2 weeks. 9.What is OK lens and what are the advantages of OK lens? A: OK lenses, or keratomileusis, is a kind of RGP, divided into day wear OK lenses and night wear OK lenses, the domestic current use of night wear OK lenses, the design of OK lenses is different from ordinary contact lenses, its central zone curvature than the human cornea is flatter, after wearing can be made through the lens of the mechanical compression effect of the central zone of the cornea temporarily flattened, so that the whole eye refractive power temporarily decreased, to achieve The purpose of “correction” of myopia. It is important to know that this “correction” is temporary, and its effect usually lasts only 1~2 days, if not worn daily, the cornea will regain its own shape through its own elasticity, thus making myopia “rebound” and return to its original myopic state. Studies have found that long-term wear of OK lenses can also effectively slow the progression of myopia. The OK prescription is very strict and requires slit lamp examination to exclude other eye diseases, corneal curvature, corneal topography, objective optometry and subjective optometry, and very close follow-up after fitting to observe After fitting, very close follow-up is required to observe the effect of fitting and the occurrence of any complications. So, OK lens fitting can only be done in regular medical units. 10, who is not suitable for wearing contact lenses? A: When a large number of people, including myopic people, talk about the problem of corneal contact lenses (contact lenses), nine out of ten say “contact lenses are dangerous and easily inflamed”, although they have never really experienced them. In fact, with proper fitting and care, corneal contact lenses are quite safe, but are contraindicated for only a few patients: acute and chronic inflammation of the ocular surface, whether keratitis, conjunctivitis or blepharitis; dry eye; intolerance of corneal contact lenses; and lack of good compliance. 11.Can children wear contact lenses? A: The first reaction of most parents of myopic children when they hear their doctor recommend RGP/OK lenses is: “Can children wear contact lenses too?” The reason is simple: “children’s cornea is not well developed”, “contact lenses are easy to inflame” and many other concerns, which sound reasonable. In fact, at the age of 6, children’s corneas have developed to adult level, and the above-mentioned contraindications have been ruled out, so theoretically they can all receive corrective lenses. However, we do not recommend soft contact lenses for children because they are unhealthy in the long run. This is not the case with hard lenses, whose many advantages have been described in detail and have proven to be safe and effective for children. Many of the children who wear RGP in our clinics are proficient in taking off and putting on their own lenses, and have a shorter learning curve than adults, and are very skilled after a few practice sessions. Parents are understandably concerned about their children’s ability to take care of themselves with RGPs. The youngest child in our center is 4 years old and the average age is 7-8 years old, but we recommend that children in the second grade and above wear RGPs. Because RGP lenses are small in diameter and easily lost, children too young lack sufficient self-management skills, and improper lens rinsing and rubbing can cause protein deposits to remain on the lens surface or damage the lenses by excessive force. Therefore, the fitting of RGP for children and adolescents requires parents to have a full understanding of it and rational requirements, as well as to understand the child’s self-management ability, and to be strictly fitted under the guidance and assistance of a doctor. 12.Does eye drops for myopia work? A: First of all, we need to know why myopia will keep increasing and not decreasing. People are at the peak of development during childhood and adolescence, and every organ of the body develops, including the eyes. The development of the eye refers to its transverse diameter becoming larger and the eye axis becoming longer, and the process of the eye axis becoming longer is the process from farsightedness to orthophoria to myopia. Normal eye development is usually completely stable at the age of 18-20, and then in a state of faint hyperopia. Today, the pressure of schoolwork on children is not what it used to be, with classes, homework, tutoring, piano, and unhygienic eye use, making the process of orthophoria come early and myopia occur very early. Since human development is irreversible, just as a child who grows taller will not get shorter, the eye will not get shorter once it has developed, which means that myopia cannot go back. However, we can intervene in the development of myopia to make it grow more slowly. How to intervene? Some eye drops such as Xylautin (scopolamine) and others such as Pirenzepine (still being studied) have a very weak effect on slowing down the progression of myopia, but there is no way to bring the progression of myopia to a screeching halt. The reason for this is simple: for example, having a child carry a heavy, heavy school bag will certainly hinder the development of the child’s spine and affect height, but it will not stall development. You know, the role of genetic and environmental factors is immense, regardless of any eye drops, treatment lenses can not replace the scientific and reasonable eye habits. 13.How do you think about the various myopia treatment devices on the market? A: It’s not terrible to be sick (besides, myopia is not considered a disease), but it’s the most frightening thing to be sick. In order to make your child not wear glasses, you will go around and ask around. Guided by advertisements, they bought a myopia treatment device with hope and let their children stick to the treatment every day, which, after a few months, disappointed both parents and children. We respectfully advise that so far, neither the National Myopia Prevention and Treatment Expert Steering Group nor the State Education Commission has ever supervised or recommended any kind of myopia prevention and treatment instrument. The lack of scientific assertions and pseudoscience should be taken seriously by parents to prevent them from being deceived. Reasonable eye habits plus appropriate prescription glasses are the best policy.