Eye diseases in childhood are extremely harmful to children’s visual development and will cause lifelong eye disability if not detected and treated in a timely manner. Prof. Li Xiaoqing from Pediatric Ophthalmology Department of Peking University First Hospital was interviewed by International Ophthalmology Times during the training course “Early Screening of Children’s Vision and Early Intervention of Children’s Eye Diseases” on the aspect of children’s visual development. Background and significance of the training course The national-level continuing medical education study course “Early Screening of Children’s Vision and Early Intervention of Children’s Eye Diseases” has been held once a year since 2009, with the initial concept of promoting early screening of children’s vision and popularizing knowledge of children’s eye diseases. This year’s course featured a number of renowned experts in pediatric ophthalmology from around the country, who gave comprehensive lectures on the assessment and examination of children’s visual acuity and the diagnosis and treatment of related eye diseases in children. In 2013, the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the Technical Specification for Children’s Eye and Vision Care, which requires the promotion of the establishment of a referral system for vision and eye disease screening for children aged 0-6 years in the national maternal and child health care system, and the systematic implementation of early vision screening to minimize and reduce the damage of early eye diseases on children’s vision development, and to protect and promote the normal development of children’s visual function. In this context, the early vision screening system is being implemented systematically to minimize and reduce the damage to children’s visual development caused by early eye diseases and to protect and promote the normal development of children’s visual function. In this context, we invited Prof. Zhao Kanxing, Director of the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Group of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch, and many other members of the group to disseminate knowledge about children’s eye and vision health care. Assessment of children’s vision development and influencing factors The age of 0-3 years is a critical period for children’s vision development, and eye diseases arising at this stage can have a very significant impact on children’s vision development. before the age of 3 years, infants and children’s vision development is not yet perfect. Due to the low cognitive ability of children, the examiner cannot make a decision based on the child’s subjective response, which requires the use of some special examination means and methods, as well as a strong sense of responsibility and skilled examination techniques that can assess the child’s visual acuity in a short period of time. In addition, visual acuity screening is the easiest and most easily implemented means of evaluating how much vision is affected in infants and children, and the screening methods will vary from age to age and from child to child with different levels of cooperation. Early detection of eye diseases that affect children’s vision development and early correction can minimize the prevention and reduction of damage to vision from controllable eye diseases in children. Correct use of electronic products With the rapid development of the technological era, cell phones, iPads and other electronic products have brought great convenience to our lives, and children are inevitably and prematurely exposed to electronic products. As pediatric ophthalmologists, we do not recommend that children be exposed to electronic products too early, because children will use their eyes at close range for a long time without realizing it, and the bright colors of electronic screens will have a greater impact on children’s eyesight, easily causing visual fatigue and promoting the occurrence of myopia. If you do need to use electronic products, you must combine work and rest, use time as short as possible, and it is recommended to increase the amount of time children spend outdoors in the sun.