What are hemorrhoids? “Hemorrhoids are a very common disease, the cause of which is not yet known and is related to many factors. At present, the main “anal cushion downward displacement theory” gradually dominant, according to the anal cushion downward displacement theory, hemorrhoids modern concept is described as “anal cushion pathologic hypertrophy, displacement and perianal subcutaneous vascular plexus blood stagnation formation of mass” and the anal cushion is mainly play the closure of the anal canal, the role of the control of The main role of the anal cushion is to close the anal canal and control defecation. The anal cushion is congested and moves down to form hemorrhoids. How are hemorrhoids classified? To the anal dentate line as the boundary, hemorrhoids can be divided into internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. External hemorrhoids are characterized by pain and itching. Internal hemorrhoids are characterized by bleeding in bowel movements and prolapse of internal hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids can be divided into I~IV stages according to the different circumstances of the onset. Stage I Bleeding during defecation without prolapse of internal hemorrhoids, bleeding stops after defecation; regulate diet and intestinal medication. Stage II Bleeding with internal hemorrhoids prolapsing during bowel movement, which can be self-contained after bowel movement; injections, freezing, etc. Stage III Bleeding with prolapsed internal hemorrhoids during stool, requiring manual retrieval; surgical treatment. Stage IV: permanent prolapse of internal hemorrhoids, unable to be retrieved; surgical treatment. Traditional surgical treatment: Removal of hemorrhoid nuclei by external peeling and internal ligation is still the commonly used treatment for severe hemorrhoids in recent years. However, the postoperative pain and longer hospitalization and healing time brought about by the traditional surgical treatment often make the patient turn pale, and its recurrence is more likely, especially important is that the operation more or less removed the anal cushion, so some patients have different degrees of fecal incontinence phenomenon occurred after the operation. Treatment of new methods (PPH surgery): PPH surgical theory support and indications, first proposed by the Italian scholar LONGO in 1998, that is, anastomosis hemorrhoidal mucosal ring. The procedure is performed by circumferential excision of the rectal mucosa and submucosa on the dentate line, suspending the prolapsed internal hemorrhoids upward so that they will no longer prolapse, and at the same time, cutting off the arterial blood supply located in the submucosal layer from the upper end of the rectum, so that the hemorrhoids will tend to become smaller and atrophic after the operation. As a revolutionary new technology, PPH surgery is becoming more and more widely used. Characteristics and indications of PPH surgery: Significantly reduces postoperative pain, significantly reduces postoperative bleeding, significantly shortens hospitalization time, significantly accelerates the recovery cycle. Suitable for severe second, third and fourth degree internal hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids mainly internal hemorrhoids, rectal mucosal prolapse.