I. Concept: Also known as pathological myopia, congenital myopia, malignant myopia and progressive myopia.
Main characteristics.
(1) It begins at an early age.
②continuous progressive deepening, rapid development, more rapid progression in adolescence, and relative stability in adulthood.
③Myopic refraction 6D.
④Significant prolongation of the eye axis (mostly 26L), with length mostly related to refractive error.
(⑤) Fundus lesions can appear early and are mostly progressively aggravated.
(6) Significantly impaired visual function, worse distance vision, abnormal visual field, light perception and contrast sensitivity, etc.
(vii) Genetic factors are present.
(viii) Mostly with comorbidities
II. Visual function.
1.Distant vision. The higher the refraction, the worse the distance vision.
2. Near vision. Near vision is also poor due to the combination of fundus lesions, lens clouding, pathological astigmatism and amblyopia.
3, corrected distance vision. 12D myopes, corrected visual acuity are 1.0, of which 0.5 accounted for 62.96%.
4. Stereopsis. It is usually affected.
Other visual functions: enlarged physiological blind spot, reduced peripheral visual field, abnormal dark adaptation, abnormal color vision, abnormal visual electrophysiology, etc.
Third, fundus signs.
1. Leopard-like fundus. Occurrence rate of 90%
2. Optic disc. The area is more than 3L2, and the boundary is blurred.
3, arcuate spots. Occurrence rate of 70%.
4.Macula. Macular erythema, macular pigment disorder, macular neovascularization, etc.
5.Fuchs spot. The occurrence rate is 5% to 33%, which is the result of severe hemorrhage in the macular area, and can appear as visual distortion, vision loss, and central dark spot, etc.
6.Lacquer crack-like lesion. The incidence is 38%.
7.Peripheral retinal choroidal lesion. The incidence is 70%, including lattice-like degeneration (12.3%), frost-like degeneration (23.1%), traction foci (8.4%), cyst-like degeneration (5.0%), and fissure (2.5%).