”What? Pelvic inflammatory disease? But I don’t have any symptoms.” Ms. Liang said in confusion. This situation is not surprising. Only 4 percent of pelvic inflammatory disease patients have typical pelvic inflammatory symptoms, such as fever, purulent discharge and severe stomach pain. Another 36% of patients may have mild stomach pains. The remaining 60% of patients have essentially no symptoms during the onset of pelvic inflammatory disease. Because these patients have insidious symptoms, they are more likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Many patients are often found to have pelvic inflammatory disease only when they go to the hospital for treatment of infertility or embryonic abortion. The diagnostic criteria for pelvic inflammatory disease is the presence of cervical pain or uterine body pressure or adnexal pain on double coaptation. If left untreated, pelvic inflammatory disease may cause many sequelae, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Patients who have had an abortion or who have had a gynecological infection in the past are at high risk for pelvic inflammatory disease.