1.What are the common diseases of ophthalmology? There are still many common diseases in ophthalmology. I probably give the following categories: external eye diseases, commonly known as eyelid diseases, including adenophthalmia, mydriasis, impingement, tear duct obstruction, etc., is the disease of the anterior segment of the eye, including pterygium (commonly known as climbing tendon eye), conjunctivitis, keratitis, anterior uveitis, glaucoma, cataract, etc., is the disease of the posterior segment of the eye, including vitreous turbidity, retinopathy, posterior uveitis, optic nerve disease, is strabismus amblyopia, refractive The other diseases include orbital disease, eye trauma, eye tumor and so on. 2. What are the obvious symptoms of cataract patients? The main symptom is the progressive vision loss without pain or perception. From blurred vision at the beginning, it gradually progresses to blindness. In addition, it can also be manifested as myopia deepening, requiring frequent replacement of glasses; double vision in one eye, fixed black shadow in front of the eyes, gray and dark vision and photophobia. The onset of cataracts often occurs in both eyes, and the time and degree of onset may vary. 3. Many people with cataracts do not understand what causes cataracts, so can Director Chen introduce the main causes of cataracts? The exact cause of cataract occurrence is still unclear and may be related to aging, genetic factors, excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high myopia, trauma and certain inflammatory diseases in the eye. 4.Is cataract the patent of the elderly? Can young people also suffer from cataracts? It is not the patent of the elderly, because nowadays, with the popularization of computers, many young people chat online, play games and shop online, sitting in front of computers for a long time, and long-term radiation from computer screens is one of the causes of cataracts. Myopic patients with myopia may suffer from “nuclear cataract” after their myopia reaches a certain level, which is a very important reason for the youthfulness of cataract patients. Some people like to take eye drops to relieve eye discomfort, but in fact, some eye drops contain hormones, which can also induce cataracts when used regularly. The younger onset of diabetes and kidney disease has also led to a high incidence of cataracts as a complication. Therefore, we are reminded to use computer products reasonably and to develop good eye habits. Use medication for eye discomfort under the guidance of a doctor. If you have diabetes or kidney disease, make sure to treat the original disease first. 5.What are the complications of cataract? In the process of cataract development, if not treated in time, mature cataract will produce many serious complications, such as glaucoma, crystal allergic endophthalmitis, etc., which can not only cause blindness, but sometimes can also cause serious inflammation in the eye, resulting in eye atrophy; what’s more, some patients can have their eyes removed as a last resort because of long-term eye pain that is unbearable. 6.Can taking medicine or eye drops cure cataract? According to the current effect of medication, for some very early cataracts, the development of cataract is slowed down and the vision is slightly improved after using medication. For some patients with mid-stage cataracts, there is no progress and no improvement in the degree of lens clouding after medication. For near-mature cataracts, drug treatment is even less effective. For early stage cataract, even if the lens clouding does not develop after treatment, it is not completely sure that it is the result of drug treatment, because the early progression of cataract to maturity is a long process. At present, there are no less than dozens of drugs commonly used in clinical practice, which can only play the role of promoting the metabolism of the lens. In short, the effect of the drugs currently used to treat cataracts cannot be confirmed. 7.Is there a most reliable method to cure cataract? At present, the only way to cure cataract is surgery. There are two surgical methods: a. Extracapsular cataract extraction: It is performed under an operating microscope with an incision of about 8-10 mm, and the cloudy lens nucleus is discharged and the cortex is sucked out, but the posterior capsule of the lens is left behind. The posterior capsule is preserved and a posterior chamber type IOL can be implanted at the same time. Visual function can be restored after surgery, but it takes a longer time. Cataract ultrasonic phacoemulsification: It is the safest surgical method that has been carried out at home and abroad in recent years. Its advantages are small incision, less tissue damage, short operation time and fast vision recovery. 8.What is the procedure of cataract surgery? I have just described the extracapsular surgery method in general. It is the most advanced and safest technology for cataract treatment in the world today. Compared with traditional extracapsular surgery, it has a small incision and less trauma and is safer. During the surgery, we usually take surface anesthesia or local anesthesia, which is a little anesthetic behind the eye, and then cut a small opening of about 3 mm at the edge of the black eye above our eye, and then insert an ultrasonic emulsification head into the eye to crush and suck out the cloudy cataract, and also suck out the cloudy cortex inside, and then implant a folded IOL to replace your cloudy lens through such a large opening. The incision closes on its own without sutures. The surgery takes about 5-10 minutes and you can see again. I was trained in cataract ultrasound technology by Alcon in 2010, you can search Dr. Chen Ruhe’s website for details. In that year, we invested millions of dollars to introduce the world’s most advanced American Alcon cataract ultrasound emulsification machine, which is the first one introduced in southern Henan. At present, more than 2,000 surgeries have been completed. Now I am doing the 2.2mm micro-incision surgery by myself, and the result is better. We are the first to carry out this technology in our city. 9.When is it better to do the surgery? The earlier the better or the later the better? This is a good question. I would like to say a few more words on this point. On the issue of cataract complications, I have already mentioned that mature cataracts can cause glaucoma, crystal allergic endophthalmitis, etc., which can lead to blindness, eye atrophy, eye removal, etc. To be honest, as a medical worker, we are deplorable and helpless about this situation. In our clinical work, we found that not all of these patients are from rural or remote areas. They have some common characteristics: first, they treat vision loss as presbyopia and do not seek medical treatment in time, and second, they firmly believe that cataracts should wait until they are mature before surgery. Of course, there are also some patients who are motivated by fear and avoidance of surgery. In either case, after a long time of waiting, mature cataract will increase the risk and difficulty of surgery due to the hardness of the nucleus and the relaxation of the suspensory ligament, such as long operation time, intraoperative bleeding, nucleus falling into the glass, posterior capsule rupture, inability to implant the IOL, aggravation of postoperative inflammatory reaction and other complications, and lose the chance to regain sight. Therefore, I would like to remind all the elderly cataract patients again: as long as they are diagnosed with cataract, they should go to the hospital for examination and determine the best time for treatment and surgery if they feel that their vision is declining and it has affected their normal work and life. Do not believe in the concept of waiting until maturity before surgery. Of course, I would like to repeat my personal opinion here that everything is not overkill. If you only have mild cataracts and the examination confirms that they do not affect your vision much, you should not operate prematurely, after all, any surgery has risks. 10.Is it dangerous to have cataract surgery at an older age? No matter how old a cataract patient is, it will not affect the treatment of cataracts. However, it is important to check carefully for any local or systemic contraindications before surgery. Most of these elderly people have some systemic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cerebral infarction, etc. If these diseases are not very serious after examination and can be controlled by medication or are stable, they are not contraindications to surgery, for example, if you have suffered from cerebral infarction and at the same time have For example, if you have suffered from cerebral infarction and have difficulty with your arms and legs, but are usually stable and have been ill for six months, you can also undergo surgery. Of course, we will monitor your heart during the surgery and will deal with any problems in time. At the same time, we will also explain to you that there will be certain risks before surgery. 11. Cataract patients who are ready to replace their lenses commonly ask their doctors the question, “How many years will this lens last?” The artificial lens has been invented for more than 60 years. Long-term follow-up after implantation shows that the artificial lens has no significant degeneration, no irritation, no biodegradation and stable optical properties in the eye. Therefore, the implanted IOL can be used for a lifetime. 12.How to treat recurrence after cataract surgery After cataract surgery, the residual lens epithelial cells under the capsule may proliferate and form an opaque mechanized film, resulting in visual distortion and vision loss, which is called posterior cataract. With the increasing update of cataract ultrasound emulsification technology equipment, improvement of surgical skills, and continuous improvement of IOL materials and design, the incidence of posterior cataracts has been greatly reduced, and the incidence in our hospital is below 5%. At present, even if posterior cataract affecting vision occurs, it is easy to deal with. We have Nd:YAG laser, which opens the center of the posterior capsule membrane by YAG laser, which is easy to operate, painless for patients, and vision can be restored soon. 13. Will your vision definitely improve after cataract surgery? Most of the cataracts will improve after surgery, and many of them can reach the normal vision of 1.0. Of course, if you have had other eye diseases such as keratoconus, glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, age-related macular disease, fundus hemorrhage, etc., your vision will be affected to a certain extent after surgery, but your vision can also be partially improved, depending on the severity of your previous eye diseases. We often encounter patients who are unable to examine their fundus before surgery due to the obstruction of cataracts. Although the surgery is successful, their vision does not improve well after surgery due to the influence of fundus lesions. Therefore, we remind you that if you have blurred vision, you must check it in time, so as not to delay the detection and treatment of fundus disease. In our clinical work, we have performed many operations on patients with diabetes, retinal vein obstruction and other fundus diseases combined with cataracts, and promptly performed retinal photocoagulation therapy on the fundus after surgery, thus saving the vision of these patients. 14.For antibacterial and anti-inflammatory purposes, generally after cataract surgery, doctors will ask patients to take some eye drops. Some patients think that eye drops can moisturize the eyes and sterilize them, so the more drops, the better, so they will drop them every few minutes. This is very incorrect. Because cataract surgery is a sterile surgery, the surgical disinfection process in regular hospitals is very strict and bacterial infections cannot occur. Of course, the post-operative antibacterial eye drops are only preventive, mainly hormonal eye drops to eliminate the non-bacterial inflammatory reaction in the eye after surgery, that is, the inflammatory reaction of the surgery. Generally, 6-8 times is enough, because any eye drops have certain side effects, too frequent eye drops can cause dry eyes, foreign body sensation, and even cause corneal erosion. Clinically, we see a lot of dry eyes occurring because of irregular eye drops. 15.What do I need to pay attention to before and after cataract surgery? If you come to our hospital for surgery, we will give you a detailed explanation of this issue. Our ophthalmology department is equipped with a special preoperative talk room with multimedia videos and slides for your lecture. Here I will briefly explain a few points to you. Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes and cough should be examined by an internist before surgery and be controlled and stabilized. Please wash your hair the day before or on the day of surgery. You may eat a small amount of food. Please be accompanied by a family member on the day of surgery. Post-operative precautions: Since we perform ultrasound emulsification surgery, you will not feel any discomfort on the day of surgery, but please inform your surgeon if you feel anything. On the day of surgery, please try to rest in bed, do not open the gauze of the operated eye by yourself, and do not rub your eyes. Do not eat anything hard or irritating, such as chili peppers, smoking, etc. The next day, the doctor will change the dressing and explain how to order eye medication. The following methods may help to delay the formation and aggravation of cataract: First, wear glasses that can block ultraviolet rays; second, eat more food containing carotene or vitamins, and reasonably supplement vitamins, minerals and trace elements; third, according to personal conditions, selective drops of eye medicine that delay the onset of cataract; fourth, actively prevent and treat cataract. Fourth, actively prevent and treat chronic diseases, including eye diseases and systemic diseases, especially diabetic patients are most likely to lead to metabolic cataracts. Many studies have shown that oxidative damage is an important mechanism for cataract formation. Studies have shown that substances called lutein and zeaxanthin have strong antioxidant effects that protect the eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet rays, thus preventing cataracts. They are commonly found in dark green vegetables, including spinach, green peppers, green cauliflower, kale, etc. Another type of antioxidant is vitamins. Fresh vegetables and fruits, especially dark green vegetables (leaves) such as turnip tassels, kale, peppers, cauliflower, broccoli, capers, spinach, are rich in vitamins. So you can pay more attention to the usual diet again.