Ophthalmology, eye health care for children 0-6 years of age Refraction in children What age should a child begin vision screening and what is the normal visual acuity of a child? Visual acuity assessment can be done from birth, but normal E-letter vision chart vision usually needs to wait until the child has sufficient cognitive and expressive skills, until then infant vision assessment methods such as pictorial vision chart, selective viewing, and visual evoked potentials can be used. The E letter vision chart visual acuity can usually be checked at age 3. Ophthalmologic examinations should be done as early as possible after birth if: (1) the child is born prematurely; (2) there is a family history of strabismus, amblyopia, high refractive error, etc.; (3) there is any abnormality in the appearance or visual performance of the eye, etc. The child’s vision development, like the development of other body organs, has a gradual improvement process. As the body develops and the eyes are constantly stimulated by external light, the vision develops rapidly, and at the age of about 5, the child’s vision is basically close to that of an adult, reaching 1.0. However, it is not the case that no 1.0 vision is abnormal, research shows that the lower limit of normal visual acuity reference value for 3-year-old children is 0.5, 0.6 for 4-5 years old, 0.7 for 6-7 years old, and 0.8 for 7 years old and above. but if the best corrected visual acuity of the two eyes differs by 2 lines or more, the worse eye should be considered amblyopic and should be taken seriously. What do children need to pay attention to when watching TV? (1) Pay attention to the eye distance from the TV should not be too close, usually more than 3 meters; (2) should not watch TV for a long time, generally every half hour should let the eyes rest 10 minutes; not more than 3 hours a day; (3) pay attention to the posture when watching TV, not lying on the bed or sofa or tilted head watching TV; (4) should turn on the lights to watch TV, do not watch TV in complete darkness; (5) should avoid (6) If the child has refractive error, he or she should be instructed to wear glasses when watching TV. If the child likes to tilt his or her head and squint when watching TV, parents should be alert to the possibility that the child has refractive problems and should come to the hospital for an examination. What are the eye diseases that affect children’s eyesight? Common eye diseases that affect children’s vision development include various types of refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, followed by amblyopia, ptosis, nystagmus, congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, etc. Is it normal for children aged 3 to 5 years to have hyperopia? Newborns have small eyes with short anterior and posterior diameters. Under normal circumstances, the refractive state is mild hyperopia, and the degree of hyperopia gradually decreases with age, which means that it is normal for children aged 3-5 years old to have mild hyperopia without other diseases detected.