Femoral head necrosis, known as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, or ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is a type of osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis is caused by damage to the bone trophoblastic vessels due to several reasons, which further leads to ischemia, degeneration, and necrosis of the bone. Ischemic necrosis of the femoral head is a pathological process caused by the death of the living components of the bone (bone cells, bone marrow cells and fat cells). Osteonecrosis can be caused by trauma to the hip joint, certain drugs (such as adrenocorticotropic hormones), various diseases, chronic alcoholism, etc. The core problem of femoral head necrosis is the impaired blood circulation in the femoral head caused by various reasons. It is generally believed that osteonecrosis progresses through various stages, which can lead to partial collapse of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral head and finally cause degenerative osteoarthritis of the hip joint. The progressive stage of osteonecrosis to the advanced stage of degenerative osteoarthritis takes about 3 to 5 years. The direct effects of the disorder on the human body are hip pain, functional impairment, and limb shortening. Recently, due to changes in the spectrum of human diseases, the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head tends to increase, which has attracted widespread attention from the medical community. At present, there are many reports on the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis and the methods of diagnosis and treatment, and the adoption of intraosseous pressure measurement and radionuclide bone imaging techniques are of great significance in early diagnosis. However, in view of the fact that all patients treated in clinical practice have a clear diagnosis and are in the middle or late stage, X-ray diagnostic techniques are still the main objective indicators to determine the stage and efficacy of the disease. The purpose of treatment for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (also known as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteochondrosis of the femoral head, flat hip, etc.) is to relieve or relieve pain, restore hip function and reduce or avoid limb deformity. The treatment methods currently adopted are mainly surgical procedures, including hip replacement, femoral head drilling and decompression method, vascular bundle displacement implantation, tipped iliac bone block transplantation, partial synovectomy and various osteotomies. Femoral head necrosis is also a lesion caused by localized poor blood flow to the femoral head for various reasons, resulting in further ischemia, necrosis, trabecular fracture and femoral head collapse. Further development can lead to functional disorders of the hip joint, which can seriously affect the quality of life and labor ability of patients, and can lead to lifelong disability if not treated in time. There are many factors that cause femoral head necrosis, about 40 kinds. In summary, there are traumatic and non-traumatic factors. Traumatic include femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation or acetabular fracture, and long-term chronic cumulative injury to the hip joint. Non-traumatic include: pharmacogenic femoral head necrosis, such as hormone therapy; alcoholic femoral head necrosis, caused by long-term heavy drinking and alcoholism; some diseases can also be combined with femoral head necrosis, such as: osteoporosis, connective tissue disease, leukemia, diabetes, sickle cell disease, Cushing’s disease, mucopolysaccharidosis, decompression disease, lupus erythematosus, etc.; in addition, congenital dysplasia of the hip joint, intraosseous stress and extraosseous stress changes, can also lead to femoral head necrosis.