Patient: found at 37 weeks of pregnancy, now the child is three months old, no obvious symptoms Laboratory tests and ultrasound show that the right kidney is reduced in shape, several anechoic, the larger one 22*19*14mm, no parenchymal structure is seen, the right polycystic dysplastic kidney, compensatory enlargement of the left kidney, ureter and bladder are not obvious abnormalities, the rest of the abdomen is not obvious abnormalities Shanghai Children’s Hospital recommended surgery Is surgery needed? When is the most appropriate time for surgery? Specialist: Polycystic kidney dysplasia requires surgery. The ultrasound result of your child is polycystic kidney dysplasia, and the contralateral compensatory enlargement, so the diagnosis is basically sure. Since there are very strict indications for nephrectomy, I also suggest to perform MRU (magnetic resonance urinary tract hydrography) and DU (diuretic nephrography) examinations again to further determine the diagnosis in terms of morphology and function to obtain more objective and clear indications for nephrectomy. No consensus has been seen on the time frame by which surgery for polycystic kidney dysplasia must be completed. The surgical approach includes both open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. If you choose the laparoscopic approach, you can wait until the age of 2-3 years, when there is more room to operate in the retroperitoneal cavity compared to now, and the surgery is easier to complete. Patient: I would like to have laparoscopic surgery, which is less traumatic, but should I do those tests now or before surgery, and if I have surgery at 2-3 years old, what should I observe during this period? Specialist: It is recommended to do it early and just check the ultrasound again before the surgery.