1.Indications
(1) Male infertility due to oligospermia, weak sperm, abnormal liquefaction, sexual dysfunction, genital malformation, etc.
(2) Female infertility due to abnormal cervical mucus secretion, genital tract abnormalities and psychological factors leading to inability to have intercourse.
(3) Immune infertility.
(4) Infertility of unknown origin.
2. Contraindications
(1) Sperm and egg union disorders caused by tubal factors in the female partner.
(2) Acute genitourinary infections or sexually transmitted diseases in the female partner.
(3) The female partner is suffering from genetic diseases, serious physical diseases, psychosomatic disorders.
(4) History of birth of a child with congenital defects and confirmed to be due to female factor.
(5) The female partner is exposed to teratogenic amount of radiation, poison, drugs and is in the period of action.
(6) The female partner has alcohol or drug addiction and other bad habits.
Indications and contraindications for IVF I and IVF II.
(1) IVF-ET indications for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (1st generation IVF)
(1) Difficulty in meeting sperm and eggs due to tubal factors in the female partner.
(ii) Ovulation disorder.
③Endometriosis.
④Low or weak spermatozoa in the male partner.
⑤Unexplained infertility.
(6) Female immune infertility.
(2) Intracytoplasmic single sperm injection (second generation IVF) ICSI-ET indications
(1) Severe oligospermia, weakness, and teratozoospermia.
(2) Obstructive azoospermia.
③Spermatogenic dysfunction.
④Male immune infertility.
⑤ In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) fertilization failure.
(6) Spermatozoa without acrosome or abnormal acrosome function.