Currently, there are three main approaches to treating hyperthyroidism, including internal antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, 131I therapy in nuclear medicine, and surgical treatment. Internal ATD treatment is effective and relatively mild, and the dosage can be adjusted in a timely manner during the treatment. The disadvantage is the long duration of treatment, which usually requires 1-2 years of standardized medication; during treatment, ATD may cause damage to the liver, kidney function and hematopoietic system, and frequent laboratory tests are required during treatment. In addition, the disadvantage of ATD treatment is that hyperthyroidism is prone to relapse when the drug is stopped or reduced. Currently, the commonly used drugs are tabazol and propylthiouracil (PTU). 131I treatment is simple and usually only one dose of 131I is administered, and the symptoms of hyperthyroidism start to take effect and improve about one month after treatment. Therefore, it is suitable for the treatment of hyperthyroidism patients who have abnormal liver and kidney function or decreased blood cells due to ATD treatment. One of the main disadvantages of 131I therapy is the possibility of hypothyroidism, which has been shown to be normalized in most people after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. However, hypothyroidism that occurs after one year of 131I treatment (advanced hypothyroidism) often requires longer-term management or lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. It is important to note that this treatment does not affect fertility. The main drawback is that it is invasive and its effectiveness depends on the clinical experience of the surgeon. There is a risk of surgical complications such as damage to the laryngeal nerve and hypoparathyroidism. Some patients still have recurrence of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism after surgery. Each of the three treatments has its own advantages and disadvantages and should be chosen based on the condition in communication with the surgeon. In the United States more than 70% choose 131I treatment, while in Asia more choose drug treatment.