What causes pterygium eye disease? Pterygium is a superfluous tissue on the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea of the lid fissure. It is a wing-like superfluous tissue on the bulbar conjunctiva of the lid fissure due to the triangular invasion of the hypertrophic bulbar conjunctiva and its supra-conjunctival tissue into the cornea. The pterygium is morphologically divided into 3 parts: the head, neck, and body of the pterygium, as shown in the figure below, with the tip of the triangle called the head; on the cornea, the neck is next to the head across the corneal limbus, with both the head and neck closely connected to the superficial corneal tissue; and the body covers the sclera and becomes a crease in the bulbar conjunctiva, which can extend to the canthus or, in the case of the nasal side, to the semilunar crease. In resting pterygium, the head is clear and flat, the neck and body are vasoconstricted and thin, and the tissue is not developed for many years; in progressive pterygium, the blood vessels are congested, the tissue is thickened, the head is grayish-white and swollen, the superficial and middle layers of the cornea close to the head are dotted or lamellar infiltrated and cloudy, and the entire bulbar conjunctiva shows mild to severe inflammation. The entire bulbar conjunctiva also shows varying degrees of inflammation and rapid growth. It is thought to be associated with prolonged field work, exposure to sand, dust, cold, heat, and sunlight, as well as overwork, sleep deprivation, and chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva. Pterygium is a common disease in ophthalmology and surgical excision is the main treatment, but the recurrence rate is high. As a medical practitioner, we remind you to avoid as much as possible the stimulation of smoke, sand and sunlight, to pay attention to eye hygiene, to treat trachoma or other types of conjunctivitis in time, and to pay attention to adequate sleep, regularity of life, and to avoid the adjustment of systemic conditions such as dry stools. If during the treatment period, Chinese medicine believes that irritating foods such as chili peppers and green onions should be avoided, and smoking and alcohol should be avoided. Due to the climate and environment, Xiamen is an area with a high incidence of pterygium and a relatively high recurrence rate after surgery, so care should be taken in the selection of indications for pterygium surgery.