There are several common causes of swollen finger joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, gouty arthritis, and infection. Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune disease, the initial symptoms of which are swelling and pain in the bones and joints of the fingers on both sides, especially in the morning (morning stiffness), symmetrical joint lesions, and impaired movement. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a combination of local x-ray, rheumatoid factor test and clinical symptoms. Synovitis is usually caused by an acute injury or chronic strain that results in excessive fluid formation in the synovial membrane of the joint, which can result in redness and swelling of the joint. The diagnosis is not difficult if there are factors such as acute injury or chronic strain. Gouty arthritis is mainly caused by an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, and the deposition of uric acid in the joints causes joint damage and can manifest as localized swelling and pain in the joints. This can be diagnosed by testing the blood uric acid level. Infectious factors can also cause joint swelling, such as septic arthritis and tuberculosis arthritis. For swollen joints caused by infectious factors, further tests are needed to make a definite diagnosis. In conclusion, a detailed examination of the swelling of the finger joints should be done in the hospital to clarify the cause of the disease before taking targeted treatment.