The exact cause of gingival cancer is still unclear, and there is a certain correlation with factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, chewing betel nut, heredity, infection, and the environment. Gum cancer is a kind of malignant tumor occurring in the epithelial cells of the gums, and the specific etiology is still unclear. Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for gum cancer, and heavy smokers have a higher risk of developing gum cancer than non-smokers, and the time and amount of smoking are positively proportional to the risk of developing gum cancer, and drinking alcohol can also lead to an increased risk of developing gum cancer, and if smoking and drinking alcohol at the same time, the risk of developing gum cancer will be even higher. Other studies have found that the incidence of gum cancer is significantly higher in areas where betel nut is chewed for long periods of time, and that human papillomavirus (HPV) and spirochete syphilis infections are also associated with a higher risk of gum cancer. In addition, specific genetic alterations, chemicals, environmental factors, poor oral hygiene, poor dental restorations, sharp tooth stump irritation, and lack of nutrition can also increase the risk of gum cancer to varying degrees. It is recommended that patients who have questions about gum cancer should go to the stomatology and oncology departments of regular hospitals for detailed consultation.