Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the human endocrine system, accounting for about 1% of all malignant tumors in the body. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide. The main clinical manifestations are thyroid lumps in the neck, pain, hoarseness and difficulty in swallowing. The common pathological types of thyroid cancer are: papillary, follicular, medullary and undifferentiated carcinoma, of which papillary carcinoma accounts for more than 80%. Most thyroid cancers have a good prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90%. A small number of thyroid cancers can metastasize through lymph nodes or blood, which can threaten patients’ lives. The treatment of thyroid cancer advocates a comprehensive treatment based on surgery, which mainly includes: 1. For microscopic thyroid cancer, unilateral lobectomy with isthmus can be used, while most patients need to undergo total thyroidectomy. However, if there are suspicious enlarged lymph nodes, lymph node dissection in the neck should be performed. 2.Endocrine therapy: After total or subtotal thyroidectomy, patients should take thyroxine tablets for life to prevent hypothyroidism and suppress TSH level. Both papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma have TSH receptors, and TSH can affect the growth of thyroid cancer through its receptors. Generally speaking, patients with residual cancer or high risk of recurrence should maintain TSH below 0.1mU/L; however, patients without disease with low risk of recurrence should maintain TSH below 0.5mU/L. 3.Radionuclide therapy (131 iodine therapy): Also called internal irradiation, it is suitable for those patients with high risk of thyroid cancer or those with distant metastasis. It mainly destroys the residual thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy and is beneficial to reduce recurrence and mortality in high-risk cases. 4.Extracorporeal irradiation therapy (EBRT): It is mainly applied to undifferentiated thyroid cancer with higher malignancy and hypofractionated cancer that cannot be removed by surgery; 5.Therapeutic Chinese medicine: Chinese medicine treatment for thyroid cancer can be carried out throughout the whole treatment process and has unique advantages and potential. Based on the principle of dialectical treatment and holistic concept, clinical treatment of thyroid cancer mostly adopts a combination of evidence and disease identification. In the early stage, the main treatment is to strengthen the spleen, promote dampness and resolve phlegm, dredge the liver and regulate qi, and eliminate galls and nodules; in the middle and late stage, the actual disease turns to deficiency, especially qi deficiency and yin deficiency, so the treatment focuses on supporting the righteousness, strengthening the spleen, benefiting qi, nourishing yin and generating blood, and supporting the righteousness to eliminate the evil, so as to strengthen the root and cultivate the yuan, improve the patient’s quality of life, and reduce the recurrence rate and survival rate.