Recently, the media reported a case of a patient with AIDS combined with lung cancer who was repeatedly refused medical treatment, resulting in the patient’s self-made case in a hospital that nearly caused occupational exposure and transmission. In this regard, as one of the few thoracic surgeons within a domestic infectious disease hospital, deeply lamented! According to the domestic infectious disease control law, infectious patients should be categorized and managed, and AIDS patients should be diagnosed and treated in infectious disease hospitals by convention. It is also in accordance with the law that general general hospitals do not accept patients with AIDS for medical treatment. With the progress of antiviral treatment, the lives of more and more AIDS patients have been prolonged, while AIDS patients have more and more chances to develop malignant tumors such as lung cancer and stomach cancer for various reasons. Unfortunately, the surgical qualifications of most infectious disease hospitals are not very sound, and the small number of surgeons has caused many problems for AIDS patients. In some hospitals, the surgical department is not even available. In fact, the surgical treatment of AIDS combined with lung cancer is not as scary as people think, and the treatment principle is similar to that of hepatitis combined with lung cancer. The principles of treatment are similar to those of hepatitis patients with lung cancer, except that the immune deficiency of these patients makes them more susceptible to opportunistic infections. But not all patients are so unfortunate. Since 2003, we have treated 10 patients with AIDS combined with lung cancer, most of whom were found to have lost their surgical indications and had to undergo chemotherapy, and some of them gave up their treatment. Only two patients have undergone radical lung cancer surgery and are currently recovering after six rounds of chemotherapy. The prognosis of AIDS combined with lung cancer is related to the early or late detection of lung cancer (lung cancer stage). Patients with late stage lung cancer have poor prognosis, while early stage patients still have a chance for surgery. The timing of surgery is different from that of ordinary patients, mainly: 1. It is recommended to test the patient’s viral load before surgery. Preoperative antiviral therapy is beneficial to reduce the viral load so that both patients and health care workers can be protected, but preoperative viral load is not an absolute contraindication to surgery for patients. 2. It is advisable to routinely test patients’ CD4+ cell count before surgery. Traditionally, it is believed that complications after surgery can be significantly reduced when CD4+ is greater than 200, but this is not absolute. 3. Preoperative staging is recommended for patients with AIDS combined with lung cancer. I–IIIa non-small cell lung cancer has indications for surgery, but routine preoperative tests such as pulmonary function, cardiac ultrasound, bronchoscopy, etc. are essential. 4. Surgical modality issues: Most authors support lobectomy and wedge resection, and there is not sufficient information to compare the effect of both. Professor Malcolm Brock from Hopkins University School of Medicine visited our hospital this year, and he advocated surgical resection of the lesion under VATS, but he did not oppose radical lung cancer surgery under standard incision. In conclusion, when you have AIDS combined with lung cancer, you need to come to a specialized hospital. Here, you will be treated with the same respect as other patients and receive timely diagnosis and professional treatment.